ArticleCBE life sciences education2019
One Size Doesn't Fit All: Using Factor Analysis to Gather Validity Evidence When Using Surveys in Your Research.
Article in CBE life sciences education, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 197 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
197 citing papers in PubMed.
- Construct validity of the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) version 2 and the impact of lifestyle modifications on the health-related quality of life among Indian adults with prediabetes: results from the D-CLIP trial.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Validation of a Patient-Created, Patient-Reported Experience Measure for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United Kingdom.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Academic Resilience Scale-30 for Responses to Adverse Workplace Performance Evaluation Among Greek Public Healthcare Employees.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Student Perceptions of Obstacles in Science Careers are Not Altered by Scientist Stories of Challenges.CBE life sciences education · 2026Article
- Translation and Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Person-Centred Climate Questionnaire-Patient Version: A Methodological Study.Nursing open · 2026Article
- Beyond disability: how being twice-marginalized shapes the experiences of STEM undergraduates with disabilities.Journal of microbiology & biology education · 2026Article
- Family Accommodation and Selective Mutism: Evaluating the Survey of Accommodation in Verbal Encounters (SAVE).Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Development and Initial Validation of the Pathological Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Scale for Children (POPS-C).Journal of personality disorders · 2026Article
- Article
- Inclusive Biology Curriculum Interventions can Reduce High School Students' Bioessentialist Beliefs.CBE life sciences education · 2026Article
- The 6-item InCharge financial distress/financial wellbeing (IFDFW-6) scale: Development and validation in pharmacy and epidemiology research.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Translation, Reliability, Psychometric Validation, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Urdu Version of the Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS-U) Among Hypertensive Patients in Lahore, Pakistan: A Validation Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Amsterdam Self-Efficacy Scale for Tooth Removal (ASES-TR).European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe · 2026Article
- From bench to biotech: how a CURE cultivates student self-efficacy, gains in scientific thinking, and career aspirations.Journal of microbiology & biology education · 2026Article
- Evaluation of an assessment measuring undergraduate biology students' self-efficacy and outcome expectations related to career development.Journal of microbiology & biology education · 2026Article
- Article
- Assessing thoughts, feelings and behaviours related to hypoglycaemia: Psychometric evaluation of the Hypoglycaemia Cues Questionnaire (HypoC-Q).Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Article
- Assessing Readiness of Health Professions Students to Work With Patients Who Use Drugs: Construct Validity of the REDUCE-HARM Addiction Curricula Survey Tool.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Construction and validation of the Salus-Ed questionnaire for measuring teaching competencies among nurse educators.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Urine Metabolism Biomarkers Predict Preterm Infant Adiposity at Hospital Discharge.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
137 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Across all sciences, the quality of measurements is important. Survey measurements are only appropriate for use when researchers have validity evidence within their particular context. Yet, this step is frequently skipped or is not reported in educational research. This article briefly reviews the aspects of validity that researchers should consider when using surveys. It then focuses on factor analysis, a statistical method that can be used to collect an important type of validity evidence. Factor analysis helps researchers explore or confirm the relationships between survey items and identify the total number of dimensions represented on the survey. The essential steps to conduct and interpret a factor analysis are described. This use of factor analysis is illustrated throughout by a validation of Diekman and colleagues' goal endorsement instrument for use with first-year undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics students. We provide example data, annotated code, and output for analyses in R, an open-source programming language and software environment for statistical computing. For education researchers using surveys, understanding the theoretical and statistical underpinnings of survey validity is fundamental for implementing rigorous education research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.