ArticleNucleic acids research2019
Secretion of an Argonaute protein by a parasitic nematode and the evolution of its siRNA guides.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fungal MicroRNA-Like RNAs Facilitate Convergent Attack on a Host Immune Signalling Network.Plant, cell & environment · 2026Article
- Helminth proteins recapitulate key structural motifs of MIF to facilitate immunomodulation of host receptors.iScience · 2026Article
- Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals an Extracellular Worm Argonaute as an Ancestral Regulator of LTR Retrotransposons.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles mediate stem cell signaling and systemic RNAi in planarians.Science advances · 2026Article
- An Argonaute protein traffics from nematode to mouse and is a vaccine against parasitic nematodes.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Argonautes and small RNAs associated with nematode programmed DNA elimination.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Modulation of the Immune Response by Nematode Derived Molecules.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Spectral flow cytometry for detecting DNA cargo in malaria parasite-derived extracellular vesicles.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Article
- The Silent Conversation: How Small RNAs Shape Plant-Microbe Relationships.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- An optimised faecal microRNA sequencing pipeline reveals fibrosis in Trichuris muris infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces sclerostin secretion by extracellular vesicle via TLR4/miR-92a-3p/PTEN/NF-κB signalling pathway in murine macrophage.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Exploring the exoproteome of the parasitic nematodeFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- SID-2 is a conserved extracellular vesicle protein that is not associated with environmental RNAi in parasitic nematodes.Open biology · 2024Article
- A natural bacterial pathogen of C. elegans uses a small RNA to induce transgenerational inheritance of learned avoidance.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- A catalogue of chromosome counts for Phylum Nematoda.Wellcome open research · 2024Article
- A Comparative Analysis of the Protein Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles from Helminth Parasites.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Ancient diversity in host-parasite interaction genes in a model parasitic nematode.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Identification of proteins that bind extracellular microRNAs secreted by the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis.Biology open · 2023Article
- A natural bacterial pathogen ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular RNA has been proposed to mediate communication between cells and organisms however relatively little is understood regarding how specific sequences are selected for export. Here, we describe a specific Argonaute protein (exWAGO) that is secreted in extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides bakeri, at multiple copies per EV. Phylogenetic and gene expression analyses demonstrate exWAGO orthologues are highly conserved and abundantly expressed in related parasites but highly diverged in free-living genus Caenorhabditis. We show that the most abundant small RNAs released from the nematode parasite are not microRNAs as previously thought, but rather secondary small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that are produced by RNA-dependent RNA Polymerases. The siRNAs that are released in EVs have distinct evolutionary properties compared to those resident in free-living or parasitic nematodes. Immunoprecipitation of exWAGO demonstrates that it specifically associates with siRNAs from transposons and newly evolved repetitive elements that are packaged in EVs and released into the host environment. Together this work demonstrates molecular and evolutionary selectivity in the small RNA sequences that are released in EVs into the host environment and identifies a novel Argonaute protein as the mediator of this.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.