ArticleCMAJ open
Assessment of the burden of diseases and injuries attributable to risk factors in Canada from 1990 to 2016: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study.
Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in CMAJ open. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04633070 (Use of Gamification in Health Apps for Lifestyle Intervention), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
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What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Use of Gamification in Health Apps for Lifestyle Intervention: A Systematic Review
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
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- Greater adherence to the 2019 Canada's Food Guide recommendations on healthy food choices reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults: a prospective analysis of UK Biobank data.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Investigating the Intersections of Racial Identity and Perceived Income Adequacy in Relation to Dietary Quality Among Adults in Canada.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Plant-Based Diets and Cancer Risk: What is the Evidence?Current nutrition reports · 2022Review
- Digital Interventions to Promote Healthy Eating in Children: Umbrella Review.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2021Review
- Post-Secondary Food Service Manager Perspectives on Fruit and Vegetable Nudging Strategies: Qualitative Study.Current developments in nutrition · 2021Article
- Automated Self-Administered 24-H Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) recalls for parent proxy-reporting of children's intake (> 4 years of age): a feasibility study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2021Article
- The Energy to Smoke: Examining the Longitudinal Association between Beverage Consumption and Smoking and Vaping Behaviours among Youth in the COMPASS Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Samiah AlamDepartments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
Justin J LangDepartments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
Aaron M DruckerDepartments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
Carolyn GotayDepartments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
Nicole KozloffDepartments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
Kedar MateDepartments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
Scott B PattenDepartments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
Heather M OrpanaDepartments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
Ashkan AfshinDepartments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.
Leah E CahillDepartments of Medicine (Alam, Cahill) and of Community Health and Epidemiology (Alam, Cahill), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group (Lang), CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Lang, Orpana), Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Dermatology (Drucker), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention (Gotay), School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (Kozloff), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Psychiatry (Kozloff), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy (Mate), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry (Patten), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health (Orpana), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Afshin), Seattle, Wash.; Department of Nutrition (Cahill), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass leah.cahill@dal.ca.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAn understanding of the risk factors contributing to disease burden is critical for determining research priorities and informing national health policy. We aimed to identify the risk factor trends in Canada.
methodsAs part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study (1990-2016), we conducted an analysis of country-level estimates for Canada to assess the burden of diseases and injuries attributable to risk factors. For both 1990 and 2016, metabolic, environmental and behavioural risk factors were ranked according to their contribution to disability-adjusted life years (healthy years of life lost), total deaths and years lived with disability.
resultsIn 2016, the risk factors accounting for the largest percentage of disability-adjusted life years in Canada were (1) tobacco, (2) diet, (3) high body mass index, (4) high fasting plasma glucose, (5) high systolic blood pressure, (6) alcohol and drug use, (7) occupational risks, (8) high total cholesterol, (9) impaired kidney function and (10) air pollution. Risk factor rankings remained similar from 1990 to 2016 despite some substantial declines in burden, including a 47% (± 3%) decline in the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate attributable to tobacco since 1990. Risk factors with an increasing contribution to disability-adjusted life years rates from 1990 to 2016 included high body mass index, high fasting plasma glucose and alcohol and drug use.
interpretationMetabolic and behavioural risk factors, including modifiable factors such as tobacco use and diet, remain the leading risk factors contributing to the burden of diseases and injuries in Canada. This work identifies priorities and targets for reducing premature death and disability burden in Canada.
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NCT04633070ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.