ArticleBMC evolutionary biology2019
The evolution of functional complexity within the β-amylase gene family in land plants.
Article in BMC evolutionary biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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26 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined linkage mapping and association analysis reveal the genetic control of starch content in maize kernel.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2026Article
- Root-enriched β-amylase GmBAM-like 1 enhances drought and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis.Genetics and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Mango Fructokinases Inhibit Sugar Accumulation and Enhance Energy Metabolism in Transgenic Tomato.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Functional Characterization of Arabidopsis α-Amylase3 (AMY3): Amylose Specificity and Structural Insights into Its Duplex Carbohydrate-Binding Module.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analysis Reveal Potential Mechanism of Starch Accumulation inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Characterization and functional analysis of theFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- A Genome-Wide Analysis of thePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Jasmonates Promote β-Amylase-Mediated Starch Degradation to Confer Cold Tolerance in Tomato Plants.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Identification of the β-Amylase (BAM) Gene Family in Response to Cold Stress in White Clover.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Lost in transition: Maize BAM7 is a dual function gene encoding a nuclear BAM7 and plastidial BAM2.Plant physiology · 2023Article
- Maize β-amylase7 encodes 2 proteins using alternative transcriptional start sites: Nuclear BAM7 and plastidic BAM2.Plant physiology · 2023Article
- Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of α-amylase and β-amylase genes underlying drought tolerance in cassava.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Transcriptomic analysis of mesocarp tissue during fruit development of the oil palm revealed specific isozymes related to starch metabolism that control oil yield.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- BRI1 EMS SUPPRESSOR1 genes regulate abiotic stress and anther development in wheat (Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Overexpression ofGenes · 2022Article
- BES1/BZR1 Family Transcription Factors Regulate Plant Development via Brassinosteroid-Dependent and Independent Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Genome-wide identification of BAM (β-amylase) gene family in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and expression in response to abiotic stress.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- The BAM7 gene in Zea mays encodes a protein with similar structural and catalytic properties to Arabidopsis BAM2.Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology · 2022Article
- BETA-AMYLASE9 is a plastidial nonenzymatic regulator of leaf starch degradation.Plant physiology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundβ-Amylases (BAMs) are a multigene family of glucan hydrolytic enzymes playing a key role not only for plant biology but also for many industrial applications, such as the malting process in the brewing and distilling industries. BAMs have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana where they show a surprising level of complexity in terms of specialization within the different isoforms as well as regulatory functions played by at least three catalytically inactive members. Despite the importance of BAMs and the fact that multiple BAM proteins are also present in other angiosperms, little is known about their phylogenetic history or functional relationship.
resultsHere, we examined 961 β-amylase sequences from 136 different algae and land plant species, including 66 sequenced genomes and many transcriptomes. The extraordinary number and the diversity of organisms examined allowed us to reconstruct the main patterns of β-amylase evolution in land plants. We identified eight distinct clades in angiosperms, which results from extensive gene duplications and sub- or neo-functionalization. We discovered a novel clade of BAM, absent in Arabidopsis, which we called BAM10. BAM10 emerged before the radiation of seed plants and has the feature of an inactive enzyme. Furthermore, we report that BAM4 - an important protein regulating Arabidopsis starch metabolism - is absent in many relevant starch-accumulating crop species, suggesting that starch degradation may be differently regulated between species.
conclusionsBAM proteins originated sometime more than 400 million years ago and expanded together with the differentiation of plants into organisms of increasing complexity. Our phylogenetic analyses provide essential insights for future functional studies of this important class of storage glucan hydrolases and regulatory proteins.
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