Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30818131›Full record

ArticleBiosensors & bioelectronics2019

Flexible, multifunctional neural probe with liquid metal enabled, ultra-large tunable stiffness for deep-brain chemical sensing and agent delivery.

Ximiao Wen, Bo Wang, Shan Huang, Tingyi Leo Liu, Meng-Shiue Lee, Pei-Shan Chung, Yu Ting Chow, I-Wen Huang, Harold G Monbouquette, Nigel T Maidment and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biosensors & bioelectronics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Precision neuroregulation combining liquid metal and magnetic stimulation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Phase Transition Liquid Metal Enabled Emerging Biomedical Technologies and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Ultrasonic-Enabled Nondestructive and Substrate-Independent Liquid Metal Ink Sintering.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Recent progress in fiber-based soft electronics enabled by liquid metal.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ximiao WenDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Bo WangDepartment of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Shan HuangDepartment of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Tingyi Leo LiuDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA.
Meng-Shiue LeeDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Pei-Shan ChungDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Yu Ting ChowDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
I-Wen HuangDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Harold G MonbouquetteDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Nigel T MaidmentDepartment of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: nmaidmen@g.ucla.edu.
Pei-Yu ChiouDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: pychiou@seas.ucla.edu.

Funding

Multifunctional Microprobe for Multiple Neurotransmitter Sensing and OptogeneticsR01NS087494 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI MAIDMENT, NIGEL T, MONBOUQUETTE, HAROLD GEORGE · 2014 to 2018
$2.5M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS087494
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Flexible neural probes have been pursued previously to minimize the mechanical mismatch between soft neural tissues and implants and thereby improve long-term performance. However, difficulties with insertion of such probes deep into the brain severely restricts their utility. We describe a solution to this problem using gallium (Ga) in probe construction, taking advantage of the solid-to-liquid phase change of the metal at body temperature and probe shape deformation to provide temperature-dependent control of stiffness over 5 orders of magnitude. Probes in the stiff state were successfully inserted 2 cm-deep into agarose gel "brain phantoms" and into rat brains under cooled conditions where, upon Ga melting, they became ultra soft, flexible, and stretchable in all directions. The current 30 μm-thick probes incorporated multilayer, deformable microfluidic channels for chemical agent delivery, electrical interconnects through Ga wires, and high-performance electrochemical glutamate sensing. These PDMS-based microprobes of ultra-large tunable stiffness (ULTS) should serve as an attractive platform for multifunctional chronic neural implants.

Indexed as

Biosensing TechniquesAnimalsBrainElectrodes, ImplantedGalliumHumansPolymersRatsTemperatureGalliumPolymersDrug deliveryElectrochemical biosensorsFlexible electronicsLiquid metalNeural probes

Identifiers

PMID30818131
PMCPMC6602555

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.