ReviewInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2019
IMI - Myopia Genetics Report.
Review in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 159 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
159 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 299 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses of refractive error augment genetic discovery and polygenic prediction.Nature genetics · 2026Pooled it
- Analysing myopia in Europe: A comprehensive meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Pooled it
- Association of anthropometric parameter with myopia in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- Bidirectional Relationship Between Myopia and Mental Disorders.Depression and anxiety · 2025Pooled it
- Myopia management algorithm. Annexe to the article titled Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute.European journal of ophthalmology · 2024Guideline
- Myopia progression after cessation of atropine in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Myopia and Near Work: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Choroidal Thickness and Its Association With Age, Axial Length, and Refractive Error in Chinese Adults.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Pooled it
- Control of myopia using diffusion optics spectacle lenses: 12-month results of a randomised controlled, efficacy and safety study (CYPRESS).The British journal of ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- Accommodation response and spherical aberration during orthokeratology.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2020Trial
- Prevention of myopia in a near-primate by supplemental indigo light suggests a hypothesis for the myopia boom.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Cross-tissue dual-omics analysis reveals molecular programs linked to myopia susceptibility and progression.Life science alliance · 2026Article
- Convergent genetic pathways linking neuropsychiatric and ocular disorders in children.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Myopia Prevalence, Ocular Metrics and Visual Activity in United States Optometry Students.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Beyond Screen Time: A Measurement Framework for Behavioral Exposures in Childhood Myopia.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gene-Environment Interaction Loci Associated with Refractive Error: SCAMPI Analysis.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis for High Myopia Provides Insights into Disease Mechanisms and Reveals a Causal Link to Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Advances in the genetics of refractive errors: Contributions from the CREAM consortium.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Review
- Unraveling the Heritability of Ocular Rigidity and Myopia-Related Traits: A Siblings-Based Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Identification of circadian rhythm-associated genes and therapeutic targets in myopia with dynamics simulation: a multiomics study using machine learning algorithms and Mendelian randomization.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Article
99 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The knowledge on the genetic background of refractive error and myopia has expanded dramatically in the past few years. This white paper aims to provide a concise summary of current genetic findings and defines the direction where development is needed. We performed an extensive literature search and conducted informal discussions with key stakeholders. Specific topics reviewed included common refractive error, any and high myopia, and myopia related to syndromes. To date, almost 200 genetic loci have been identified for refractive error and myopia, and risk variants mostly carry low risk but are highly prevalent in the general population. Several genes for secondary syndromic myopia overlap with those for common myopia. Polygenic risk scores show overrepresentation of high myopia in the higher deciles of risk. Annotated genes have a wide variety of functions, and all retinal layers appear to be sites of expression. The current genetic findings offer a world of new molecules involved in myopiagenesis. As the missing heritability is still large, further genetic advances are needed. This Committee recommends expanding large-scale, in-depth genetic studies using complementary big data analytics, consideration of gene-environment effects by thorough measurement of environmental exposures, and focus on subgroups with extreme phenotypes and high familial occurrence. Functional characterization of associated variants is simultaneously needed to bridge the knowledge gap between sequence variance and consequence for eye growth.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.