ArticleAnalytical chemistry2019
Time-Delayed Integration-Spectral Flow Cytometer (TDI-SFC) for Low-Abundance-Cell Immunophenotyping.
Article in Analytical chemistry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microfluidics for Blood Disorders and Hematological Disease Monitoring and Modeling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Real-time, high-throughput super-resolution microscopy via panoramic integration.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Millisecond Label-Free Single Peptide Detection and Identification Using Nanoscale Electrochromatography and Resistive Pulse Sensing.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Electrokinetic identification of ribonucleotide monophosphates (rNMPs) using thermoplastic nanochannels.Journal of chromatography. A · 2021Article
- Effectiveness of Electrical and Optical Detection at Pixel Circuit on Thin-Film Transistors.Micromachines · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We describe a unique flow cytometer (TDI-SFC) for the immunophenotyping of low-abundance cells, particularly when cell counts are sample-limited and operationally difficult for analysis by fluorescence microscopy (>100 cells) or multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC, <10 000 cells). TDI-SFC combines the high spectral resolution of spectral flow cytometry (SFC) with a CCD operated in time-delayed integration (TDI) for improved duty cycle and sensitivity. Cells were focused with a 1D-sheathing microfluidic device, and fluorescence emission generated from a 488 nm laser was collected by epi-illumination and dispersed along one axis of a CCD by a spectrograph. Along the other axis, the CCD's shift rate was clocked at a rate that closely matched the cells' velocity through the field of view. This TDI-SFC format allowed the CCD shutter to remain open during signal acquisition, providing a duty cycle ∼100% and assurance that ∼95% cells were interrogated. We used fluorescent beads to optimize synchronization of TDI clocking with the sheathed-cell velocity and to improve sensitivity via the excitation intensity, epi-illumination numerical aperture, and integration time. TDI achieved integrated signals of 10
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Registered trials
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