ArticleOncology reports2019
Chlorophyllin e6‑mediated photodynamic therapy inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells.
Article in Oncology reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic value of pretreatment serum albumin-globulin ratio in urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Photodynamic therapy: research progress and paradigm evolution from mechanism innovation to clinical breakthrough in cancers.Medical gas research · 2026Review
- Article
- Improving photodynamic therapy efficacy in bladder cancer using polymer micelle-encapsulated pheophorbide a.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Significant Tumor Inhibition of Trimethyl-15ChemMedChem · 2025Article
- Nanostructured lipid carriers containing pheophytins derived from Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl for photodynamic therapy against breast cancer: isolation, identification, characterization, in vitro activity, and in silico studies.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- Genetic diversity analysis of Phyllanthus acidus Skeels of north-east India: Insights from multivariate analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer: Insights into Cellular and Molecular Pathways.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- The synthesis of novel water-soluble zinc (II) phthalocyanine based photosensitizers and exploring of photodynamic therapy activities on the PC3 cancer cell line.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2023Article
- Enhancing Health Benefits through Chlorophylls and Chlorophyll-Rich Agro-Food: A Comprehensive Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Pathologic collision of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma with small cell carcinoma: a case report.Diagnostic pathology · 2023Article
- Photodynamic Therapy for Bladder Cancers, A Focused ReviewPhotochemistry and photobiology · 2023Review
- Accelerating skin regeneration and wound healing by controlled ROS from photodynamic treatment.Inflammation and regeneration · 2022Review
- Advances in Management of Bladder Cancer-The Role of Photodynamic Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Derivatives of Natural Chlorophylls as Agents for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- Cancer interception by interceptor molecules: mechanistic, preclinical and human translational studies with chlorophylls.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2021Review
- Oxidative stress in bladder cancer: an ally or an enemy?Molecular biology reports · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with non‑muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) frequently relapse following surgery due to incomplete resection and chemoresistance, highlighting the importance of developing novel therapeutic strategies that mechanistically assist in eradicating the residual tumor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer effect of chlorophyllin e6‑mediated photodynamic therapy (e6‑PDT) and its potential mechanisms by using monolayer cells or multicellular tumor spheroid models of human bladder cancer cells (T24 and 5637). The results revealed that e6‑PDT exhibited significant cytotoxicity in the T24 and 5637 cells of these two models as detected by the Water‑Soluble Tetrazolium Salts‑1 and CellTiter‑Glo Luminescent Cell Viability assays, respectively. Cell migration and invasion capacities decreased markedly following e6‑PDT. In addition, the cells following e6‑PDT exhibited typical morphological changes of apoptosis as detected by fluorescence microscopy with 4',6‑diamidino‑2‑phenylindole staining and transmission electron microscopy. A greater number of apoptotic cells were observed post‑e6‑PDT by flow cytometry. The expression levels of poly(adenosine diphosphate‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) and B‑cell lymphoma 2 protein were decreased, while cleaved PARP was increased, significantly following e6‑PDT as determined by western blotting. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased, while the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was decreased, significantly in e6‑PDT‑treated cells. Thus, the novel e6‑PDT exhibits prominent photo‑cytotoxicity effect and the induction of apoptosis was probably due to the inhibition of SOD activity and the generation of ROS. These results indicate that chlorophyllin e6 is an effective photosensitizer and that e6‑PDT may have a therapeutic application for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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