ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2019
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 201 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
201 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors for reasons other than disease progression and the impact on relapse and survival of advanced melanoma patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- A model-based meta-analysis of immune-related adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment for NSCLC.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Integration of healthy volunteers in early phase clinical trials with immuno-oncological compounds.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Population pharmacokinetic models of anti-PD-1 mAbs in patients with multiple tumor types: A systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Quantification of Scheduling Impact on Safety and Efficacy Outcomes of Brain Metastasis Radio- and Immuno-Therapies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor related myasthenia gravis: single center experience and systematic review of the literature.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Pooled it
- Exposure-Response Relationship of Dostarlimab in Primary Advanced/Recurrent Endometrial Cancer: Results From Interim Analysis 2 of Part 1 of the RUBY Trial.Clinical pharmacology in drug development · 2026Trial
- Immunostimulatory and Immunodynamic Modeling Analysis to Determine a Plausible Starting Dose of mRNA-4359 for Use in First-In-Human Trials.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response relationships of dostarlimab in primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer in part 1 of RUBY.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Exposure-Response Analyses of Tremelimumab Monotherapy or in Combination with Durvalumab in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2023Trial
- Discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) above 18 months of treatment in real-life patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): INTEPI, a multicentric retrospective study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Trial
- Time-dependent population PK models of single-agent atezolizumab in patients with cancer.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2021Trial
- Pan-cancer population pharmacokinetics and exposure-safety and -efficacy analyses of atezolizumab in patients with high tumor mutational burden.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2020Trial
- Population pharmacokinetics, exposure-safety, and immunogenicity of atezolizumab in pediatric and young adult patients with cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Trial
- Circadian timing of first-line chemoimmunotherapy is associated with survival in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Clinical Trials: A Perspective From Lung-MAP Investigators.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026Article
- Unlocking the clock: a systematic review and meta-analysis on optimizing immune checkpoint inhibitor timing for advanced solid tumors.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Population pharmacokinetics for the CTLA-4 modulator gotistobart in patients with advanced solid tumors.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Immunological Drug-Drug Interactions in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Artificial Intelligence.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
141 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated significant clinical impact in improving overall survival of several malignancies associated with poor outcomes; however, only 20-40% of patients will show long-lasting survival. Further clarification of factors related to treatment response can support improvements in clinical outcome and guide the development of novel immune checkpoint therapies. In this article, we have provided an overview of the pharmacokinetic (PK) aspects related to current ICIs, which include target-mediated drug disposition and time-varying drug clearance. In response to the variation in treatment exposure of ICIs and the significant healthcare costs associated with these agents, arguments for both dose individualization and generalization are provided. We address important issues related to the efficacy and safety, the pharmacodynamics (PD), of ICIs, including exposure-response relationships related to clinical outcome. The unique PK and PD aspects of ICIs give rise to issues of confounding and suboptimal surrogate endpoints that complicate interpretation of exposure-response analysis. Biomarkers to identify patients benefiting from treatment with ICIs have been brought forward. However, validated biomarkers to monitor treatment response are currently lacking.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.