ArticlePathogens & immunity2019
HBV and HIV/HBV Infected Patients Have Distinct Immune Exhaustion and Apoptotic Serum Biomarker Profiles.
Article in Pathogens & immunity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Concordance of cancer-associated cytokines and mitochondrial DNA deletions in individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma and people living with HIV in Ghana.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Plasma levels of soluble PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3 and galectin-3 and the degree of liver fibrosis in CHC and the impact of successful antiviral treatment on their levels.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hepatitis B Virus DNA and RNA Persist in Liver After Serologic Recovery in Persons With Hepatitis C Virus.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Plasma proteomic profiles of patients with HIV infection and coinfection with hepatitis B/C virus undergoing anti‑retroviral therapy.Biomedical reports · 2024Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2024Review
- Markers of Immune Activation and Inflammation Are Associated with Higher Levels of Genetically-Intact HIV in HIV-HBV Co-Infected Individuals.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Article
- Quantification of Cytokine Storms During Virus Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Hepatitis B and HIV-1 2019 IAS Cure Forum: lessons and benefits from interdisciplinary research.Journal of virus eradication · 2019Article
- HIV and the liver.Topics in antiviral medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Due to their shared routes of transmission, approximately 10% of HIV-infected patients worldwide are chronically coinfected with HBV. Additionally, liver disease has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HBV/HIV coinfected patients due to prolonged survival with the success of antiretroviral therapy. The relationship between immune exhaustion markers (PD-1/PD-L1) and apoptotic markers such as Fas/FasL, TGFβ1, TNF-α, and Th1/Th2 cytokines are not clearly delineated in HBV/HIV coinfection.
methodsLevels of soluble Fas/FasL, TGFβ1, TNF-α, and sPD-1/sPD-L1 as well as Th1 and Th2 cytokines were evaluated in the sera of HBV-monoinfected (n = 30) and HBV/HIV-coinfected (n = 15) patients and compared to levels in healthy controls (n = 20).
resultsHBV-monoinfected patients had significantly lower levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 (
conclusionHBV-infected and HBV/HIV-coinfected patients have unique apoptosis and inflammatory biomarker profiles that distinguish them from each other and healthy controls. The utilization of those unique biomarker profiles for monitoring disease progression or identifying individuals who may benefit from novel immunotherapies such as anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors appears promising and warrants further investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.