ReviewPreventive medicine reports2019
Diabetes increases the risk of depression: A systematic review, meta-analysis and estimates of population attributable fractions based on prospective studies.
Review in Preventive medicine reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systems, Social, and Individual Factors Influencing Glycemic Control Among American Indian/Alaska Native Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Pooled it
- Tele-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Diabetes-Related Distress in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- COVID-19 risk, course and outcome in people with mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analyses.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Influence of Vitamin D Supplementation on Mental Health in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- The Impact of an Adaptive mHealth Intervention on Improving Patient-Provider Health Care Communication: Secondary Analysis of the DIAMANTE Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Trial
- Physical Health Conditions Among Suicide Decedents: National Violent Death Reporting System, U.S., 2020-2023.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Classification of Current Functional Impairment in Older Adults with Diabetes: Evidence from CHARLS 2015.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Phenome-Wide Associations of Polygenic Scores for Schizophrenia and Major Depression in 100,000 Chinese Adults.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Depression Risk in Type 1 Versus Type 2 Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Body Mass Index (BMI) in a Nationally Diverse Cohort.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Multimorbidity between Type 2 Diabetes and Depressive Symptoms in Mexico: Prevalence and Associated Factors From the Nationally Representative ENSANUT 2022 Survey.Journal of diabetes · 2026Article
- Article
- Incidence rates of twelve chronic diseases/conditions in US adults: findings from a population-based study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Body temperature correlates with depressive symptom severity: analysis and extension of prior findings in observational cohorts with more than 19,000 participants.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Dysregulation of the GPX4/ACSL4 axis mediates ferroptosis in neurons of T2DD rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Poor glycemic control and microvascular complications: key drivers of depressive symptoms in adults with diabetes.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Daily life stress is linked to increased glucose levels in individuals with insulin resistance: a real-world assessment.Diabetologia · 2025Observational
- Access to a Newly Adapted Diabetes-Specific Multimodal Cross-Sectoral and Interdisciplinary Psychotherapeutic Care Option for a High-Risk Group of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Distress: Protocol for the minDBe Pilot Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Article
- Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Pathophysiology, Genetic Association Studies and Therapeutic Approaches.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We aim to examine the relationship between diabetes and depression risk in longitudinal cohort studies and by how much the incidence of depression in a population would be reduced if diabetes was reduced. Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for English-language published literature from January 1990 to December 2017. Longitudinal studies with criteria for depression and self-report doctors' diagnoses or diagnostic blood test measurement of diabetes were assessed. Systematic review with meta-analysis synthesized the results. Study quality, heterogeneity, and publication bias were examined. Pooled odds ratios were calculated using random effects models. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were used to estimate potential preventive impact. Twenty high-quality articles met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The pooled odds ratio (OR) between diabetes and depression was 1.33 (95% CI, 1.18-1.51). For the various study types the ORs were as follows: prospective studies (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.57); retrospective studies (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.05-1.62); self-reported diagnosis of diabetes (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17-1.60); and diagnostic diabetes blood test (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.52). PAFs suggest that over 9.5 million of global depression cases are potentially attributable to diabetes. A 10-25% reduction in diabetes could potentially prevent 930,000 to 2.34 million depression cases worldwide. Our systematic review provides fairly robust evidence to support the hypothesis that diabetes is an independent risk factor for depression while also acknowledging the impact of risk factor reduction, study design and diagnostic measurement of exposure which may inform preventive interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.