Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30815201›Full record

ArticleAMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium2018

Clinical text annotation - what factors are associated with the cost of time?

Qiang Wei, Amy Franklin, Trevor Cohen, Hua Xu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. SDoH-GPT: using large language models to extract social determinants of health.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
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  8. The h-ANN Model: Comprehensive Colonoscopy Concept Compilation Using Combined Contextual Embeddings.Biomedical engineering systems and technologies, international joint conference, BIOSTEC ... revised selected papers. BIOSTEC (Conference) · 2022
    Article
  9. TAX-Corpus: Taxonomy based Annotations for Colonoscopy Evaluation.Biomedical engineering systems and technologies, international joint conference, BIOSTEC ... revised selected papers. BIOSTEC (Conference) · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Qiang WeiSchool of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Amy FranklinSchool of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Trevor CohenSchool of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Hua XuSchool of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Funding

Real-time Disambiguation of Abbreviations in Clinical NotesR01LM010681 · NLM · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI XU, HUA · 2010 to 2017
$3.1M
NLM NIH HHS R01 LM010681
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Building high-quality annotated clinical corpora is necessary for developing statistical Natural Language Processing (NLP) models to unlock information embedded in clinical text, but it is also time consuming and expensive. Consequently, it important to identify factors that may affect annotation time, such as syntactic complexity of the text- to-be-annotated and the vagaries of individual user behavior. However, limited work has been done to understand annotation of clinical text. In this study, we aimed to investigate how factors inherent to the text affect annotation time for a named entity recognition (NER) task. We recruited 9 users to annotate a clinical corpus and recorded annotation time for each sample. Then we defined a set of factors that we hypothesized might affect annotation time, and fitted them into a linear regression model to predict annotation time. The linear regression model achieved an R

Indexed as

Natural Language ProcessingData MiningElectronic Health RecordsHumansLinear ModelsSemanticsTime FactorsWorkload

Identifiers

PMID30815201
PMCPMC6371268

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.