ArticleScientific reports2019
The diagnostic accuracy of Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines response in AFB microscopy smear negative PTB- HIV co-infected patients.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contribution of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) to Body Defense and Healing in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Saudi medical journal · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Multiple Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Using interpretable machine learning models to predict the occurrence of severe influenza in hospitalized children: a retrospective cohort study.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Adjunct Diagnostic Accuracy of Antigen-specific Interleukin-2 for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Pregnancy.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- IFN-γ and IL-6 as Key Predicting Biomarkers for Active TB Among PLWH: Results from Four Machine Learning Methods.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Modulation of neuroimmune cytokine networks by antidepressants: implications in mood regulation.Translational psychiatry · 2025Review
- Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care triage tests for pulmonary tuberculosis using host blood protein biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- A novel chimpanzee adenovirus vector vaccine for protection against infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease in chickens.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Development and Characterization of a Recombinant galT-galU Protein for Broad-Spectrum Immunoprotection Against Porcine Contagious Pleuropneumonia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Effects ofArchives animal breeding · 2025Article
- A targetable type III immune response with increase of IL-17A expressing CD4Nature cancer · 2024Article
- Serum cytokine biosignatures for identification of tuberculosis among HIV-positive inpatients.Thorax · 2024Article
- Identification of Genes Encoded Toxin-Antitoxin System inInfectious disorders drug targets · 2024Article
- Review
- Identification of immune biomarkers in recent active pulmonary tuberculosis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Inflammatory Processes in Alzheimer's Disease-Pathomechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Lncrna NEAT1 Regulates Th1/Th2 in Pediatric Asthma by Targeting MicroRNA-217/GATA3.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Checkpoint Blockade-Induced Dermatitis and Colitis Are Dominated by Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells and Th1/Tc1 Cytokines.Cancer immunology research · 2022Article
- Baculovirus Display of Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein E Induces Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice.Viruses · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) microscopy smear remains the most widely used laboratory diagnostic technique for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) in low-and-middle income countries. Although it is highly specific, the sensitivity varies between 20-80% in immune-competent people, with only 50% case detection among HIV/TB co-infected patients, hence the need to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Th1 and Th2 cytokine response in AFB microscopy smear negative PTB-HIV co-infected patients. A total of 86 participants were recruited; 70 (81.4%) AFB microscopy smear negative and 16 (18.6%) AFB microscopy smear positive. The AFB microscopy smear negative samples were then cultured using Lowenstein Jensen Medium with 46 being culture-negative and 24 being culture-positive. Blood samples were also collected, cultured using QFT-GIT and the supernatant (plasma) harvested to evaluate cytokine profiles using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. IFN-γ (P < 0.001), TNF-α (P = 0.004), IL-2 (P = 0.004) and IL-4 (P = 0.009) median levels were elevated in PTB culture-positive (AFB microscopy smear negative) as compared to PTB culture-negative (AFB microscopy smear negative) participants. Finally, when Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2), Th2 cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) and T cells were included in the logistic regression fit for PTB outcome, the predictive power of discriminating between those who were AFB smear negative in the diagnosis of PTB was good with cross validated area under the curve (AUC) being 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.96). This study provides evidence for the ability of Th1 and Th2 cytokines to determine PTB status in AFB microscopy smear negative patients co-infected with HIV.
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