ArticleScientific reports2019
Iron-polyphenol complexes cause blackening upon grinding Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly) larvae.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Absorption of iron from edible house crickets: a randomized crossover stable-isotope study in humans.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Compositional analysis of amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, and aroma compounds in buffalo worm (Food chemistry: X · 2025Article
- Harnessing Insects as Novel Food Ingredients: Nutritional, Functional, and Processing Perspectives.Insects · 2025Review
- Insects as Source of Nutraceuticals with Antioxidant, Antihypertensive, and Antidiabetic Properties: Focus on the Species Approved in Europe up to 2024.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Insect Protein as a Component of Meat Analogue Burger.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition and Volatile Profile of Powder from Edible Crickets (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Proximate Content Monitoring of Black Soldier Fly Larval (Food science of animal resources · 2023Article
- Optimization of the Heat-Drying Conditions of Drone Pupae by Response Surface Methodology (RSM).Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Nutritional, Techno-Functional and Structural Properties of Black Soldier Fly (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- An Environmentally Friendly Supramolecular Glue Developed from Natural 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde.Polymers · 2022Article
- Effects of Killing Methods on Lipid Oxidation, Colour and Microbial Load of Black Soldier Fly (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Insects are a promising alternative protein source. One of the bottlenecks in applying insects in food is the fast darkening initiated during grinding. Besides enzymatic browning, non-enzymatic factors can cause off-colour formation, which differs between species. This study investigates the impact of iron, phenoloxidase, and polyphenols on off-colour formation in insect larvae. Hermetia illucens showed a blackish colour, whereas Tenebrio molitor turned brown and Alphitobius diaperinus remained the lightest. This off-colour formation appeared correlated with the iron content in the larvae, which was 61 ± 9.71, 54 ± 1.72 and 221 ± 6.07 mg/kg dw for T. molitor, A. diaperinus and H. illucens, respectively. In model systems, the formation of iron-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) bis- and tris-complexes were evidenced by direct injection into ESI-TOF-MS, based on their charges combined with iron isotope patterns. The reversibility of the binding of iron to phenolics, and thereby loss of blackening, was confirmed by EDTA addition. Besides complex formation, oxidation of L-DOPA by redox reactions with iron occurred mainly at low pH, whereas auto-oxidation of L-DOPA mainly occurred at pH 10. Tyrosinase (i.e. phenoloxidase) activity did not change complex formation. The similarity in off-colour formation between the model system and insects indicated an important role for iron-phenolic complexation in blackening.
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