Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30814321›Full record

ArticleNeurology2019

Effects of blood pressure and lipid lowering on cognition: Results from the HOPE-3 study.

Jackie Bosch, Martin O'Donnell, Balakumar Swaminathan, Eva Marie Lonn, Mikul Sharma, Gilles Dagenais, Rafael Diaz, Kamlesh Khunti, Basil S Lewis, Alvaro Avezum and 12 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT00468923. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00468923 phase4completed

Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-3

Ran2007Enrolled12,705Registered outcomes14Posted comparisons0ConditionsCardiovascular Disease, StrokeArmsCandesartan/HCT, Rosuvastatin
PMID 27039945PMID 27040132PMID 27041480other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Observational
  10. Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: Prevention, treatments, mechanisms and management options for the future.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Blood Pressure and Cognitive Function in Older Adults.Clinics in geriatric medicine · 2024
    Review
  19. Antihypertensive medications and dementia in older adults with hypertension.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jackie BoschFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa. boschj@mcmaster.ca.ORCID 0000-0001-6292-4207
Martin O'DonnellFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Balakumar SwaminathanFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Eva Marie LonnFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Mikul SharmaFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Gilles DagenaisFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Rafael DiazFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Kamlesh KhuntiFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Basil S LewisFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Alvaro AvezumFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Claes HeldFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Matyas KeltaiFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Christopher ReidFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
William D ToffFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Antonio DansFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Lawrence A LeiterFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Karen SliwaFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Shun Fu LeeFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Janice M PogueFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Robert HartFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
Salim YusufFrom the Population Health Research Institute (J.B., M. O., B.S., E.M.L., M.S., S.F.L., J.M.P., R.H., S.Y.) and Hamilton Health Sciences (J.B.), School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Ontario; Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec (G.D.), Université Laval, Québec; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (L.A.L.), St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Research Board Clinical Research Facility (M.O.), Department of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland; Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario (R.D.), Argentina; Diabetes Research Centre (K.K.), University of Leicester; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the National Institute for Health Research (W.D.T.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, UK; College of Medicine (A.D.), University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center (B.S.L.), Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology (A.A.), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medical Sciences (C.H.), Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Sweden; Semmelweis University (M.K.), Budapest, Hungary; Monash University (C.R.), Melbourne, Victoria; School of Public Health (C.M.R.), Curtin University, Perth, Australia; and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa (K.S.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, South Africa.
HOPE-3 Investigators
Population Health Research Institute · CA

Funding

CIHR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess whether long-term treatment with candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide, rosuvastatin, or their combination can slow cognitive decline in older people at intermediate cardiovascular risk.

methodsThe Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-3 (HOPE-3) study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial using a 2 × 2 factorial design. Participants without known cardiovascular disease or need for treatment were randomized to candesartan (16 mg) plus hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg) or placebo and to rosuvastatin (10 mg) or placebo. Participants who were ≥70 years of age completed the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the modified Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the Trail Making Test Part B at baseline and study end.

resultsCognitive assessments were completed by 2,361 participants from 228 centers in 21 countries. Compared with placebo, candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide reduced systolic blood pressure by 6.0 mm Hg, and rosuvastatin reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 24.8 mg/dL. Participants were followed up for 5.7 years (median), and 1,626 completed both baseline and study-end assessments. Mean participant age was 74 years (SD ±3.5 years); 59% were women; 45% had hypertension; and 24% had ≥12 years of education. The mean difference in change in DSST scores was -0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] -2.25 to 0.42) for candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide compared with placebo, -0.54 (95% CI -1.88 to 0.80) for rosuvastatin compared with placebo, and -1.43 (95% CI -3.37 to 0.50) for combination therapy vs double placebo. No significant differences were found for other measures.

conclusionsLong-term blood pressure lowering with candesartan plus hydrochlorothiazide, rosuvastatin, or their combination did not significantly affect cognitive decline in older people. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT00468923. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that for older people, candesartan plus hydrochlorothiazide, rosuvastatin, or their combination does not significantly affect cognitive decline.

Indexed as

AgedAntihypertensive AgentsBenzimidazolesBiphenyl CompoundsCognitionCognitive DysfunctionDrug CombinationsFemaleHumansHydrochlorothiazideHypolipidemic AgentsMaleRosuvastatin CalciumTetrazolesAntihypertensive AgentsBenzimidazolesBiphenyl CompoundscandesartanDrug CombinationsHydrochlorothiazideHypolipidemic AgentsRosuvastatin CalciumTetrazoles

Identifiers

PMID30814321
PMCPMC6453765
OpenAlexW2915579921

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.