ArticleMicrobiome2019
Environmental toxicants in breast milk of Norwegian mothers and gut bacteria composition and metabolites in their infants at 1 month.
Article in Microbiome, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 169 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Microbiome: Core and Unique Signatures Across Diverse Populations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Has Regulatory Action Reduced Human Exposure to Flame Retardants?Environmental science & technology · 2023Pooled it
- Breastfeeding Affects Concentration of Faecal Short Chain Fatty Acids During the First Year of Life: Results of the Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pesticide Residues, Gut Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Outcomes: A Scoping Review of Human Evidence.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Article
- Treg/Th Cell Imbalance Is Negatively Associated with Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Growth Impairment in Children Exposed to PFAS, PAHs, and Phthalates.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Social and neuroendocrine phenotypes reprogrammed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals can be mitigated bybioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome features associated with Bifidobacterium colonization predict personalized probiotic persistence patterns.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Early-life microbiome trajectories as biomarkers to predict health outcomes.Microbiome research reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Prenatal PFAS exposure and outcomes related to maternal gut microbiome composition in later pregnancy.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Prenatal exposure to trace elements impacts mother-infant gut microbiome, metabolome and resistome during the first year of life.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Live bacteria in gut microbiome dictate asthma onset triggered by environmental particles via modulation of DNA methylation in dendritic cells.Cell reports · 2025Article
- PFC/PFAS concentrations in human milk and infant exposure through lactation: a comprehensive review of the scientific literature.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Deciphering the universal role of gut microbiota in pollutant transformation.The ISME journal · 2025Review
- Maternal probiotic supplementation protects against PBDE-induced developmental, behavior and metabolic reprogramming in a sexually dimorphic manner: Role of gut microbiome.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Associations of early life per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure with body mass index and risk of overweight or obesity at age 2-18 years: Mixture analysis in the prospective Boston Birth Cohort.Environment international · 2025Article
- Article
- Diverse mechanisms by which chemical pollutant exposure alters gut microbiota metabolism and inflammation.Environment international · 2024Review
- Impact of Environmental Exposures on Human Breast Milk Lipidome in Future Immune-Mediated Diseases.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEarly disruption of the microbial community may influence life-long health. Environmental toxicants can contaminate breast milk and the developing infant gut microbiome is directly exposed. We investigated whether environmental toxicants in breastmilk affect the composition and function of the infant gut microbiome at 1 month. We measured environmental toxicants in breastmilk, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and gut microbial composition from 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using samples from 267 mother-child pairs in the Norwegian Microbiota Cohort (NoMIC). We tested 28 chemical exposures: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated flame retardants (PBDEs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and organochlorine pesticides. We assessed chemical exposure and alpha diversity/SCFAs using elastic net regression modeling and generalized linear models, adjusting for confounders, and variation in beta diversity (UniFrac), taxa abundance (ANCOM), and predicted metagenomes (PiCRUSt) in low, medium, and high exposed groups.
resultsPBDE-28 and the surfactant perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were associated with less microbiome diversity. Some sub-OTUs of Lactobacillus, an important genus in early life, were lower in abundance in samples from infants with relative "high" (> 80th percentile) vs. "low" (< 20th percentile) toxicant exposure in this cohort. Moreover, breast milk toxicants were associated with microbiome functionality, explaining up to 34% of variance in acetic and propionic SCFAs, essential signaling molecules. Per one standard deviation of exposure, PBDE-28 was associated with less propionic acid (- 24% [95% CI - 35% to - 14%] relative to the mean), and PCB-209 with less acetic acid (- 15% [95% CI - 29% to - 0.4%]). Conversely, PFOA and dioxin-like PCB-167 were associated with 61% (95% CI 35% to 87%) and 22% (95% CI 8% to 35%) more propionic and acetic acid, respectively.
conclusionsEnvironmental toxicant exposure may influence infant gut microbial function during a critical developmental window. Future studies are needed to replicate these novel findings and investigate whether this has any impact on child health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.