Trial reportJournal of clinical psychopharmacology
Neuropsychiatric Safety and Efficacy of Varenicline, Bupropion, and Nicotine Patch in Smokers With Psychotic, Anxiety, and Mood Disorders in the EAGLES Trial.
Trial report in Journal of clinical psychopharmacology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Antidepressants for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Implementation of Community Health Worker Support for Tobacco Cessation: A Mixed-Methods Study.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Trial
- A reduction in cigarette smoking improves health-related quality of life and does not worsen psychiatric symptoms in individuals with serious mental illness.Addictive behaviors · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Bupropion XL and SR have similar effectiveness and adverse event profiles when used to treat smoking among patients at a comprehensive cancer center.The American journal on addictions · 2022Trial
- Psychiatric Comorbidity and Multimorbidity in the EAGLES Trial: Descriptive Correlates and Associations With Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events, Treatment Adherence, and Smoking Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacotherapeutic Smoking Cessation Aids in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Subgroup Analysis of EAGLES.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2021Trial
- Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation in anxiety disorders: Subgroup analysis of the randomized, active- and placebo-controlled EAGLES trial.Depression and anxiety · 2020Trial
- Effects of 6-Week Use of Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Smokers With Serious Mental Illness.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Trial
- Narrative Review of Novel Nicotine-Delivery Systems and Emerging Pharmaceuticals for Tobacco Cessation.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Smoking cessation for people with severe mental illness: systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMJ medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Trends in Active Smoking Among Adults Living with HCV in the U.S. over the Last Decade: A Population-Level Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular Effects of Smoking and Smoking Cessation: A 2024 Update.Global heart · 2025Review
- Smoking cessation pharmacotherapy; varenicline or bupropion?Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2024Review
- Strategies for chronic coronary disease: A brief guide for clinicians.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2024Review
- Implementation of Community Health Worker Support for Tobacco Cessation: A Mixed-Methods Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Evidence-Based Guideline for the Treatment of Smoking Cessation Provided by the National Health Insurance Service in Korea.Korean journal of family medicine · 2024Article
- Tobacco use disorder in patients with other mental disorders: a dual disorder perspective from clinical neuroscience.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Impact of the Ottawa model on opiate screening and smoking cessation in methadone-treated patients with opioid use disorder: A retrospective cohort analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeuropsychiatric safety and relative efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and transdermal nicotine patch (NRT) in those with psychiatric disorders are of interest.
methodsWe performed secondary analyses of safety and efficacy outcomes by psychiatric diagnosis in EAGLES (Evaluating Adverse Events in a Global Smoking Cessation Study), a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, triple-dummy, placebo- and active (NRT)-controlled trial of varenicline and bupropion with 12-week follow-up, in a subset population, n = 4092, with a primary psychotic (n = 390), anxiety (n = 792), or mood (n = 2910) disorder. Primary end-point parameters were incidence of prespecified moderate and severe neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPSAEs) and weeks 9 to 12 continuous abstinence rates (9-12CAR).
resultsThe observed NPSAE incidence across treatments was 5.1% to 6.3% in those with a psychotic disorder, 4.6% to 8.0% in those with an anxiety disorder, and 4.6% to 6.8% in those with a mood disorder. Neither varenicline nor bupropion was associated with significantly increased NPSAEs relative to NRT or placebo in the psychiatric cohort or any psychiatric diagnostic subcohort. There was a significant effect of treatment on 9-12CAR (P < 0.0001) and no significant treatment-by-diagnostic subcohort interaction (P = 0.24). Abstinence rates with varenicline were superior to bupropion, NRT, and placebo, and abstinence with bupropion and NRT was superior to placebo. Within-diagnostic subcohort comparisons of treatment efficacy yielded estimated odds ratios for 9-12CAR versus placebo of greater than 3.00 for varenicline, greater than 1.90 for bupropion, and greater than 1.80 for NRT for all diagnostic groups.
conclusionsVarenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch are well tolerated and effective in adults with psychotic, anxiety, and mood disorders. The relative effectiveness of varenicline, bupropion, and NRT versus placebo did not vary across psychiatric diagnoses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.