ArticleBlood cancer journal2019
Elevated IgM and abnormal free light chain ratio are increased in relatives from high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia pedigrees.
Article in Blood cancer journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibodies as biomarkers for cancer risk: a systematic review.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Monoclonal gammopathy defines distinct clinical subsets in chronic lymphocytic leukemia across therapeutic eras.Blood advances · 2025Article
- B Cell-Derived and Non-B Cell-Derived Free Light Chains: From Generation to Biological and Pathophysiological Roles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia-like monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis exhibits an increased inflammatory signature that is reduced in early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Experimental hematology · 2021Article
- Shared genomic segment analysis in a large high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia pedigree implicatesJournal of translational genetics and genomics · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Abnormal serum immunoglobulin (Ig) free light chains (FLC) are established biomarkers of early disease in multiple B-cell lymphoid malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Heavy chains have also been shown to be biomarkers in plasma cell disorders. An unanswered question is whether these Ig biomarkers are heritable, i.e., influenced by germline factors. CLL is heritable but highly heterogeneous. Heritable biomarkers could elucidate steps of disease pathogenesis that are affected by germline factors, and may help partition heterogeneity and identify genetic pleiotropies across malignancies. Relatives in CLL pedigrees present an opportunity to identify heritable biomarkers. We compared FLCs and heavy chains between relatives in 23 high-risk CLL pedigrees and population controls. Elevated IgM (eIgM) and abnormal FLC (aFLC) ratio was significantly increased in relatives, suggesting that these Ig biomarkers are heritable and could offer risk stratification in pedigree relatives. Within high-risk CLL pedigrees, B-cell lymphoid malignancies were five times more prevalent in close relatives of individuals with eIgM, prostate cancer was three times more prevalent in relatives of individuals with aFLC, and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis increased surrounding individuals with normal Ig levels. These different clustering patterns suggest Ig biomarkers have the potential to partition genetic heterogeneity in CLL and provide insight into distinct heritable pleiotropies associated with CLL.
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