ArticleBMC ophthalmology2019
Ocular toxicity of intravitreal melphalan for retinoblastoma in Chinese patients.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Abemaciclib Inhibits Retinoblastoma Tumor Growth by Targeting CDK1/2.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Catheterization complications of intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma.Journal of neurointerventional surgery · 2026Article
- Targeting MCM6 Enhances Melphalan Chemosensitivity in Retinoblastoma by Modulating DNA Damage Response.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Role of additional topotecan injections (plus two) in reducing recurrence rate in retinoblastoma of group D and group E patients: a retrospective study.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- HIGH-DOSE INTRAVITREAL TOPOTECAN (100 µ G/0.1 CC) AS MONOTHERAPY FOR RECURRENT/REFRACTORY INTRAOCULAR RETINOBLASTOMA IN SEVEN EYES.Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Aqueous VEGF-A Levels as a Liquid Biopsy Biomarker of Retinoblastoma Vitreous Seed Response to Therapy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Risk factors for cataract in retinoblastoma management.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Ocular Survival Following Intravitreal Melphalan as Adjuvant Treatment for Vitreous Retinoblastoma Seeding.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Evaluation of intravitreal topotecan dose levels, toxicity and efficacy for retinoblastoma vitreous seeds: a preclinical and clinical study.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Spotlight on Targeted Chemotherapy in Retinoblastoma: Safety, Efficacy, and Patient Outcomes.OncoTargets and therapy · 2022Review
- Xanthatin Selectively Targets Retinoblastoma by Inhibiting the PLK1-Mediated Cell Cycle.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Intravitreal HDAC Inhibitor Belinostat Effectively Eradicates Vitreous Seeds Without Retinal Toxicity In Vivo in a Rabbit Retinoblastoma Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Therapeutic Targeting PLK1 by ON-01910.Na Is Effective in Local Treatment of Retinoblastoma.Oncology research · 2021Article
- Ocular safety of repeated intravitreal injections of Carboplatin and Digoxin: A preclinical study on the healthy rabbits.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2021Article
- Is intravitreal topotecan toxic to retinal function?The British journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Multi-Functionalized Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Treatment of Retinoblastoma.Biosensors · 2021Review
- Intravitreal melphalan hydrochloride vs propylene glycol-free melphalan for retinoblastoma vitreous seeds: Efficacy, toxicity and stability in rabbits models and patients.Experimental eye research · 2021Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Intravitreal Chemotherapy (Melphalan) to Treat Vitreous Seeds in Retinoblastoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Article
- Intravitreal Melphalan for Retinoblastoma: The Impact of Toxicity on Recurrence and Ultimate Globe Salvage.Ocular oncology and pathology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate the efficacy, complications, and clinical characteristics, including the ocular toxicity, of intravitreal melphalan(IVM) treatment for vitreous seeding in Chinese retinoblastoma patients.
methodsThis was a retrospective, non-comparative analysis including 30 consecutive eyes of 23 patients with viable persistent or recurrent vitreous seeding following retinoblastoma treatment. All of the eyes received IVM injections (20-33 μg). Vitreous seeding control, determination of the ocular toxicity, and the clinical characteristics of intravitreal melphalan treatments were observed.
resultsThe mean patient age at the time of the injection was 28 months (median = 22 months, range = 12-50 months). In total, 80 injections were administered in 30 eyes, the overall enucleation-free survival rate was 83.3% (25/30). The complications included retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroidal atrophy (19/30, 63.3%), pupillary synechiae (13/30, 43.3%), iris atrophy (12/30, 40%), retinal vascular occlusion (12/30, 40.0%), optic atrophy (6/30, 20%), vitreous hemorrhage (3/30, 10%), persistent hypotonia and phthisis bulbi (4/30 13.3%), and cataracts (8/30, 26.6%). Twelve eyes demonstrated grade 3 or greater IVM-associated retinal or anterior segment toxicity post injection. Mean dosage given showed significant difference between the groups. There were no significant differences in the retinal toxicity grades regarding the seed classification or seed regression patterns.
conclusionsIntravitreal melphalan is an effective treatment for refractory vitreous seeding from retinoblastoma, but exhibits both anterior and posterior segment toxicity in Chinese patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.