Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30807649›Full record

ArticleInternational endodontic journal2019

Factors affecting the chemical efficacy of 2% sodium hypochlorite against oral steady-state dual-species biofilms: Exposure time and volume application.

X Petridis, F H Busanello, M V R So, R J B Dijkstra, P K Sharma, L W M van der Sluis

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International endodontic journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Effects of common disinfectants on biofilm formation and eradication inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

X PetridisDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-231X
F H BusanelloConservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
M V R SoConservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1393-5900
R J B DijkstraDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
P K SharmaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
L W M van der SluisDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Funding

CNPq scholarship
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo study the influence of time and volume of 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on biofilm removal and to investigate the changes induced on the biofilm architecture. Steady-state, dual-species biofilms of standardized thickness and a realistic contact surface area between biofilms and NaOCl were used. METHODOLOGY: Streptococcus oralis J22 and Actinomyces naeslundii T14V-J1 biofilms were grown on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs within sample holders in the Constant Depth Film Fermenter (CDFF) for 96 h. Two per cent NaOCl was statically applied for three different time intervals (60, 120 and 300 s) and in two different volumes (20 and 40 μL) over the biofilm samples. The diffusion-driven effects of time and volume on biofilm disruption and dissolution were assessed with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Structural changes of the biofilms treated with 2% NaOCl were studied with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Low Load Compression Testing (LLCT). A two-way analysis of variance (2-way anova) was performed, enabling the effect of each independent variable as well as their interaction on the outcome measures.

resultsOptical coherence tomography revealed that by increasing the exposure time and volume of 2% NaOCl, both biofilm disruption and dissolution significantly increased. Analysis of the interaction between the two independent variables revealed that by increasing the volume of 2% NaOCl, significant biofilm dissolution could be achieved in less time. Examination of the architecture of the remaining biofilms corroborated the EPS-lytic action of 2% NaOCl, especially when greater volumes were applied. The viscoelastic analysis of the 2% NaOCl-treated biofilms revealed that the preceding application of higher volumes could impact their subsequent removal.

conclusionsTime and volume of 2% NaOCl application should be taken into account for maximizing the anti-biofilm efficiency of the irrigant and devising targeted disinfecting regimes against remaining biofilms.

Indexed as

BiofilmsSodium HypochloriteActinomycesMicroscopy, ConfocalSodium Hypochlorite2% NaOClBiofilmoptical coherence tomographyremovaltimevolume

Identifiers

PMID30807649
PMCPMC7328852

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.