Observational studyPhysical therapy2019
Safety and Feasibility of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as an Exploratory Assessment of Corticospinal Connectivity in Infants After Perinatal Brain Injury: An Observational Study.
Observational study in Physical therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. It is linked to trial NCT05013736 (Perinatal Stroke), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Perinatal Stroke: Longitudinal Assessment of Infant Brain Organization and Recovery Through Neuroexcitability, Neuroimaging and Motor Development
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging modalities for neuroprognostication in neonatal encephalopathy: harnessing the potential of artificial intelligence.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- The shifting landscape of the preterm brain.Neuron · 2025Review
- Longitudinal study of single-pulse TMS in infants with perinatal brain injury: safety and feasibility.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation for assessment of motor development in infants with early brain injury.Expert review of medical devices · 2024Article
- Application of cross-migration theory in limb rehabilitation of stroke patients with hemiplegia.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Article
- Use of non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: neurodevelopmental and sensory follow-up.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as therapy in an infant with epilepsia partialis continua.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2022Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in cerebral palsy.Postepy psychiatrii neurologii · 2021Review
- From adults to pediatrics: A review noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) to facilitate recovery from brain injury.Progress in brain research · 2021Review
- Motor Evoked Potentials as Potential Biomarkers of Early Atypical Corticospinal Tract Development in Infants with Perinatal Stroke.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Reinstatement · 2019-02-26Date of Article and/or Notice Unknown · Error by Journal/Publisher · Notice - Limited or No Information · Retract and Replace · Temporary Removal · · article retracted and reinstated unknown dates;
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPerinatal brain injuries often impact the corticospinal system, leading to motor impairment and cerebral palsy. Although transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely used to study corticospinal connectivity in adults and older children, similar studies of young infants are limited.
objectivesThe objective was to establish the safety and feasibility of advanced TMS assessments of the corticospinal connectivity of young infants with perinatal brain injury.
designThis was a pilot, cross-sectional study of 3- to 12-month-old (corrected age) infants with perinatal stroke or intracranial hemorrhage.
methodsSix participants (2 term, 4 preterm) were assessed with stereotactic neuronavigation-guided TMS. Single-pulse TMS was applied to each hemisphere and responses were recorded simultaneously from both upper limbs. During data collection, vital signs and stress responses were measured to assess safety. Developmental motor outcomes were evaluated using the General Movements Assessment and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd edition). A clinical diagnosis of cerebral palsy was recorded, if available.
resultsNo adverse events occurred during TMS testing. All sessions were well tolerated. Contralateral motor evoked responses were detected in 4 of 6 participants. Both contralateral and ipsilateral responses were observed in 2 of 6 participants. LIMITATIONS: TMS responses were not obtained in all participants. This could be related to the location of brain injury or developmental stage of the corticospinal system controlling the wrist flexor muscle group from which responses were recorded.
conclusionsThis study provides a summary of the framework for performing novel TMS assessments in infants with perinatal brain injury. Implementing this approach to measure corticospinal connectivity in hypothesis-driven studies in young infants appears to be justified. Such studies could inform the characterization of corticospinal development and the neural mechanisms driving recovery following early interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.