ArticleRheumatology (Oxford, England)2019
Markers of angiogenesis and macrophage products for predicting disease course and monitoring vascular inflammation in giant cell arteritis.
Article in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- S100 proteins in IgA vasculitis and other systemic vasculitides - from pathogenic mechanisms to clinical biomarkers: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Treat-to-target recommendations in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Associations between clinical features and therapy with macrophage subpopulations and T cells in inflammatory lesions in the aorta from patients with Takayasu arteritis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Trial
- Treatment strategies in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: beyond glucocorticoids.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Large vessel vasculitis reframed: integrating conceptual shifts and evidence into practice for Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis.Journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Review
- Calprotectin and serum amyloid A for disease activity assessment in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: results from a prospective single-centre cohort study.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- Beyond clinical criteria: emerging biomarkers and advanced imaging in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of vasculitides.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- The role of calprotectin in giant cell arteritis - from pathophysiology to possible clinical applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- New blood biomarkers and imaging for disease stratification and monitoring of giant cell arteritis.RMD open · 2024Article
- Clinical, Serological, and Immunological Characteristics of Greek Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica and/or Giant Cell Arteritis: A Research Protocol.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2023Article
- Disease stratification in GCA and PMR: state of the art and future perspectives.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2023Review
- Analyses of plasma inflammatory proteins reveal biomarkers predictive of subsequent development of giant cell arteritis: a prospective study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Serum proteomics in giant cell arteritis in response to a three-day pulse of glucocorticoid followed by tocilizumab monotherapy (the GUSTO trial).Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Serum amyloid A-A potential therapeutic target for hyper-inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) detects inflammatory activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving tocilizumab therapy.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Article
- Comment on: Plasma Pyruvate Kinase M2 as a marker of vascular inflammation in giant cell arteritis: reply.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Plasma Pyruvate Kinase M2 as a marker of vascular inflammation in giant cell arteritis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Neutrophil activation in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis and large-vessel vasculitis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveGCA, a systemic vasculitis, is characterized by an IL-6-dependent acute-phase response. This response is typically suppressed by treatment rendering CRP/ESR unreliable for monitoring vascular inflammation. Also, there are no accurate biomarkers predicting a non-favourable disease course. Here we investigated macrophage products and markers of angiogenesis as biomarkers for prognosis and monitoring of vascular inflammation.
methodsForty-one newly diagnosed, glucocorticoid-naive GCA patients were prospectively followed for relapses and glucocorticoid requirement for a median of 30 months (range 0-71). Serum markers at baseline and during follow-up were compared with 33 age-matched healthy controls and 13 infection controls. Concentrations of IL-6, serum amyloid A, soluble CD163, calprotectin, YKL-40, VEGF, angiopoietin-1 and -2 and sTie2 were determined by ELISA/Luminex assay.
resultsSerum concentrations of all markers, but not angiopoietin-1, were elevated in GCA patients at baseline when compared with healthy controls. High VEGF (P = 0.0025) and angiopoietin-1 (P = 0.0174) and low YKL-40 (P = 0.0369) levels at baseline were predictive of a short time to glucocorticoid-free remission. Elevated angiopoietin-2 levels were associated with an imminent relapse during treatment (P < 0.05). IL-6 correlated strongly with acute-phase markers and soluble CD163 but not with markers of angiogenesis, YKL-40 or calprotectin. Glucocorticoid treatment down-modulated all markers except for calprotectin and YKL-40. Tissue expression of markers in temporal arteries was confirmed.
conclusionMarkers of angiogenesis at baseline and during treatment predict GCA disease course, suggesting utility in patient stratification for glucocorticoid-sparing therapy. Calprotectin and YKL-40 are candidate markers for monitoring vessel wall inflammation.
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