ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
CAR T Cells for Solid Tumors: New Strategies for Finding, Infiltrating, and Surviving in the Tumor Microenvironment.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 535 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
535 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 832 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive value of preclinical models for CAR-T cell therapy clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Pooled it
- The synergistic immunotherapeutic impact of engineered CAR-T cells with PD-1 blockade in lymphomas and solid tumors: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Boosting CAR T cell efficacy in cancer with metabolic insights from design to diet.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Overcoming T cell exhaustion and senescence in CAR T cell therapy for solid tumors.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Advancing In Vivo Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Engineering to Accelerate Clinical Translation.MedComm · 2026Review
- Scalable generation of hematopoietic stem cell-engineered off-the-shelf mono-specific cytotoxic T cells targeting solid tumors.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- The development of single-cell lineage tracing technology and its application in immunotherapy.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Review
- Investigating the role of costimulatory domains in enhancing CAR-T cell persistence in TNBC.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- Humoral immunity in cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Allogeneic iPSC-derived γδT cells demonstrate antitumor efficacy against patient-derived tissues.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- IL-15 and IL-21 synergy improves anti-tumor efficacy of iPSC-derived cytotoxic T cells in solid tumors.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Manufacturing and electrostatic surface optimization of CAR-T cells improve therapeutic efficacy in liver malignancies.Hepatology communications · 2026Article
- Advances in improving cancer immunotherapy with nanotechnology: from smart nanoparticles to synergistic combination strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Mechanobiology of CAR-T cell therapy: regulatory mechanisms and strategies for enhanced antitumor immunity.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Engineered PD1-NKG2D Dual-CAR NK92 cells broaden antitumor target recognition in preclinical tumor models.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Chimeric switch scaffold protein augments CAR synapse formation and signaling networks.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Review
- In Vivo mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle CAR-T Cell Engineering: Advances, Challenges, and Clinical Translation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Genipin-Crosslinked, Silane-Anchored 3D Tumor-Stroma Microtissues for High-Content On-Chip Drug Testing.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
475 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, T cells that have been genetically engineered to express a receptor that recognizes a specific antigen, have given rise to breakthroughs in treating hematological malignancies. However, their success in treating solid tumors has been limited. The unique challenges posed to CAR T cell therapy by solid tumors can be described in three steps: finding, entering, and surviving in the tumor. The use of dual CAR designs that recognize multiple antigens at once and local administration of CAR T cells are both strategies that have been used to overcome the hurdle of localization to the tumor. Additionally, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment has implications for T cell function in terms of differentiation and exhaustion, and combining CARs with checkpoint blockade or depletion of other suppressive factors in the microenvironment has shown very promising results to mitigate the phenomenon of T cell exhaustion. Finally, identifying and overcoming mechanisms associated with dysfunction in CAR T cells is of vital importance to generating CAR T cells that can proliferate and successfully eliminate tumor cells. The structure and costimulatory domains chosen for the CAR may play an important role in the overall function of CAR T cells in the TME, and "armored" CARs that secrete cytokines and third- and fourth-generation CARs with multiple costimulatory domains offer ways to enhance CAR T cell function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.