ArticlePediatrics2019
Prenatal Cotinine Levels and ADHD Among Offspring.
Article in Pediatrics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Algorithms for Identifying Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Pooled it
- Prenatal smoking, alcohol and caffeine exposure and offspring externalizing disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Time of onset and/or diagnosis of ADHD in European children: a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Association between postnatal second-hand smoke exposure and ADHD in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Pooled it
- Prenatal Tobacco and Alcohol Exposure and Cortical Change Among Youths.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Association between serum cotinine and learning disability in children aged 4-15 years: A secondary data analysis from the NHANES dataset.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
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- Article
- Trajectory Analysis for Identifying Classes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children of the United States.Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH · 2024Article
- Molecular Mechanisms Underlying NMDARs Dysfunction and Their Role in ADHD Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and smoking experience or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among children and adolescents.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Prenatal nicotine exposure during pregnancy results in adverse neurodevelopmental alterations and neurobehavioral deficits.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2023Review
- Profile of children assisted in a teaching outpatient clinic of developmental disabilities in São Paulo, Brazil.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2023Article
- A Potential Role for Neuroinflammation in ADHD.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Review
- Dietary and Antioxidant Vitamins Limit the DNA Damage Mediated by Oxidative Stress in the Mother-Newborn Binomial.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Informing women about the risks of exposing babies to tobacco smoke: outreach and education efforts using Facebook "boost posts".Translational behavioral medicine · 2022Review
- The Association between ADHD and Environmental Chemicals-A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Maternal tobacco smoking and offspring autism spectrum disorder or traits in ECHO cohorts.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2022Article
- Prenatal nicotine alters development of the laterodorsal tegmentum: Possible role for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and drug dependence.World journal of psychiatry · 2022Review
- Review of rodent models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesAn association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been shown across several studies based on self-reports. No previous studies have investigated the association of nicotine exposure measured by cotinine levels during pregnancy and offspring ADHD.
methodsIn this population-based study, 1079 patients born between 1998 and 1999 and diagnosed with ADHD according to the
resultsThere was a significant association between increasing log-transformed maternal cotinine levels and offspring ADHD. The odds ratio was 1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.12) when adjusting for maternal socioeconomic status, maternal age, maternal psychopathology, paternal age, paternal psychopathology, and child's birth weight for gestational age. In the categorical analyses with cotinine levels in 3 groups, heavy nicotine exposure (cotinine level >50 ng/mL) was associated with offspring ADHD, with an odds ratio of 2.21 (95% CI 1.63-2.99) in the adjusted analyses. Analyses by deciles of cotinine levels revealed that the adjusted odds for offspring ADHD in the highest decile was 3.34 (95% CI 2.02-5.52).
conclusionsThe study reveals an association with and a dose-response relationship between nicotine exposure during pregnancy and offspring ADHD. Future studies incorporating maternal smoking and environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors are warranted.
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Registered trials
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