ArticlePacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE2019
Longevity decoded: Insights from power consumption analyses into device construction and their clinical implications.
Article in Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Remote monitoring of leadless pacemakers using a novel conductive telemetry communication method.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2026Observational
- Worldwide data analysis of BIOTRONIK ICD and CRT-D battery longevity.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2026Article
- Early is on time: Minimizing implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks through expedited antitachycardia pacing.Heart rhythm O2 · 2025Article
- Cardiac implantable electronic devices' longevity: A novel modelling tool for estimation and comparison.PloS one · 2025Article
- [Follow-up of the patient with pacemakers: Interrogation and basic programming].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2023Review
- Reliability and longevity of implantable defibrillators.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2021Article
- First Demonstration of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Defibrillator Service Life Exceeding Patient Survival in a Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Cohort.The Journal of innovations in cardiac rhythm management · 2020Article
- Longevity decoded: Insights from power consumption analyses into device construction and their clinical implications.Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe longevity of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) depends on how quickly the powers consumed by the device's functions exhaust its usable battery energy. A mathematical model for CIED power consumptions was developed and validated against longevity data from manufacturers.
methodsThe programmable parameters for the Resonate X4 cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (CRT-Ds) on the Boston Scientific (St. Paul, MN, USA) online longevity calculator were designated as independent terms in the sum for the total power consumption. The reciprocal of longevity was plotted against variations in these terms. Linear and nonlinear regression analyses were used to fit the plots. The power consumed by pacing was theoretically derived and used as the calibrating tool for estimating the powers consumed by other functions and the usable battery energy. The same methodology was applied to the longevity data of other manufacturers' CRT-Ds.
resultsSingle chamber 100% pacing at 60 beats/min, 2.5 V, 0.4 ms, 500 Ω consumes ≈ 144 J/year. Shock therapy is 45-85% energy efficient. Multichamber pacing modes and maintaining readiness to pace a chamber consume power even if no pacing is delivered. Switching voltage regulation is theoretically more energy efficient than linear voltage regulation for powering pacing.
conclusionsThe powers consumed by therapy functions are dictated by the patient's clinical needs, but healthcare professionals can extend device longevity by switching off dormant functions and simplifying the pacing mode. Choosing a device model with large usable battery energy, low background power, and energy efficient pacing and shock therapy for implantation will increase the probability of a long service lifespan.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.