ArticleEndocrinology2019
Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Controls Dietary Protein Intake in Male Mice.
Article in Endocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Liver Brain Interactions: Focus on FGF21 a Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Meal sugar-protein balance determines postprandial FGF21 response in humans.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Trial
- Macronutrient mixtures and interactions in health and disease.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Protein Decoys, Alcohol, and Energy Intake: Testing a Mechanistic-Ecological Model.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Adipose FGF21 signalling mediates the anti-senescence effects of protein restriction.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Brain amino acid sensing for organismal amino acid homeostasis.Open biology · 2025Review
- Higher circulating FGF21, lower protein intake, and lower muscle mass: Associations with a higher risk of mortality.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Article
- The Possible Role of Metformin and Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 in Multiple Sclerosis Neuropathology: Birds of a Feather Flock Together.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Review
- Research progress on the role of FGF21 in insulin resistance.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Distinct genetic signals at the FGF21 locus complicate studies of FGF21's role in diet regulation using human cohort data.Molecular metabolism · 2024Article
- FGF21 as a mediator of adaptive changes in food intake and macronutrient preference in response to protein restriction.Neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- FGF21 acts in the brain to drive macronutrient-specific changes in behavioral motivation and brain reward signaling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- FGF21 Induces Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Increases Amino Acids in Female Mice: A Potential Role for Glucocorticoids.Endocrinology · 2024Article
- Protein appetite as an integrator in the obesity system: the protein leverage hypothesis.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- The potential effect of metformin on fibroblast growth factor 21 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Inflammopharmacology · 2023Review
- A human laboratory study on the link between alcohol administration and circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in individuals with alcohol use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Weight gain during the menopause transition: Evidence for a mechanism dependent on protein leverage.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2023Article
- Editorial: FGF21 as a therapeutic target for obesity and insulin resistance: from rodent models to humans.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Macronutrient intake: Hormonal controls, pathological states, and methodological considerations.Appetite · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Whereas carbohydrates and lipids are stored as glycogen and fat, there is no analogous inert storage form of protein. Therefore, continuous adjustments in feeding behavior are needed to match amino acid supply to ongoing physiologic need. Neuroendocrine mechanisms facilitating this behavioral control of protein and amino acid homeostasis remain unclear. The hepatokine fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is well positioned for such a role, as it is robustly secreted in response to protein and/or amino acid deficit. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that FGF21 feeds back at its receptors in the nervous system to shift macronutrient selection toward protein. In a series of behavioral tests, we isolated the effect of FGF21 to influence consumption of protein, fat, and carbohydrate in male mice. First, we used a three-choice pure macronutrient-diet paradigm. In response to FGF21, mice increased consumption of protein while reducing carbohydrate intake, with no effect on fat intake. Next, to determine whether protein or carbohydrate was the primary-regulated nutrient, we used a sequence of two-choice experiments to isolate the effect of FGF21 on preference for each macronutrient. Sweetness was well controlled by holding sucrose constant across the diets. Under these conditions, FGF21 increased protein intake, and this was offset by reducing the consumption of either carbohydrate or fat. When protein was held constant, FGF21 had no effect on macronutrient intake. Lastly, the effect of FGF21 to increase protein intake required the presence of its co-receptor, β-klotho, in neurons. Taken together, these findings point to a novel liver→nervous system pathway underlying the regulation of dietary protein intake via FGF21.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.