ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2019
Effect of Insulin Resistance on BMD and Fracture Risk in Older Adults.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the association between insulin resistance surrogate indices and bone mineral density.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Obesity and Insulin Resistance, Not Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Are Independent Predictors of Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents and Young Women.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2019Trial
- Association of insulin resistance and fracture risk in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- In Vivo Models of Diabetes: Unravelling Molecular Pathways in Metabolic and Skeletal Complications.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Bone Health in Metabolic Syndrome-Is It a Neglected Aspect of Dysmetabolic-Related Diseases?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Nonlinear associations between METS-IR and all-cause as well as cardiovascular mortality in adults with osteoporosis and osteopenia: evidence from NHANES 2007-2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development and evaluation of a machine learning model for osteoporosis risk prediction in Korean women.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Association between the Triglyceride-glucose index and fragility fractures among US adults: insights from NHANES.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Triglyceride glucose index is associated with vertebral fracture in older adults: a longitudinal study.Endocrine · 2025Article
- Fracture Risk Assessment in Metabolic Syndrome in Terms of Secondary Osteoporosis Potential. A Narrative Review.Calcified tissue international · 2025Review
- A Narrative Review: Relationship Between Glycemic Variability and Emerging Complications of Diabetes Mellitus.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Age-related trends in trabecular bone scores and bone mineral density in Chinese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- 4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025.Diabetes care · 2025Review
- Sex-specific association between triglyceride-glucose index and all-cause mortality in patients with osteoporotic fractures: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Insulin resistance, bone health, and fracture risk.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Review
- Potassium Intake and Bone Health: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Bone microarchitecture and strength assessed by HRpQCT in individuals with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: the Maastricht study.JBMR plus · 2024Article
- Exploring the Interplay between Vitamin D, Insulin Resistance, Obesity and Skeletal Health.Journal of bone metabolism · 2024Article
- Association between triglyceride glucose index and total bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011-2018.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Femoral bone mineral density at the time of hip fracture is higher in women with versus without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
contextAdults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have higher fracture risk compared with nondiabetics, despite having higher bone mineral density (BMD). Insulin resistance (IR) has been associated with increased BMD. It is not known if IR increases fracture risk.
objectiveWe investigated the relationship among IR HOMA-IR, BMD, and incident nonspine fractures in nondiabetic individuals.
designParticipants included 2398 community-dwelling, nondiabetic older adults (age 74 ± 3 years, 53% women, 38% black) in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Prospective Cohort Study [median follow-up: 12 (interquartile range: 6) years].
resultsThe cut-off values for the HOMA-IR quartiles were 1.05, 1.54, and 2.33. Total hip BMD was 0.104 g/cm2 higher in the fourth vs the first HOMA-IR quartile (P < 0.001). This difference was attenuated after adjustment for BMI (adjusted mean difference 0.007 g/cm2; P = 0.371). In unadjusted models, fracture risk was lower in those with higher HOMA-IR [hazard ratio (HR) 0.86 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.01) and 0.65 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.89) for the third and fourth quartile, respectively, vs the first quartile]. However, after adjustment for BMD and BMI, fracture risk was significantly higher in the third quartile (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.41) and tended to be increased in the fourth quartile (HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.46) vs the first quartile.
conclusionsGreater IR is associated with higher BMD in nondiabetic older adults. In contrast to the relationship between T2D and fracture risk, we did not find consistent evidence that greater IR is associated with increased fracture risk after adjustment for BMI and BMD.
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