SynthesisPLoS neglected tropical diseases2019
Cutaneous leishmaniasis and co-morbid major depressive disorder: A systematic review with burden estimates.
Synthesis in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and associated risk factors of human leishmaniasis in sub-Saharan Africa: an umbrella review.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence, assessment and correlates of mental health problems in neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review.International health · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Middle East: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pathogens and global health · 2023Pooled it
- Exploring the cultural effects of gender on perceptions of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a systematic literature review.Global health research and policy · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of parasitic infection on mental health and illness in humans in Africa: a systematic review.Parasitology · 2022Pooled it
- Revised estimates of leprosy disability weights for assessing the global burden of disease: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Pooled it
- The impact of leishmaniasis on mental health and psychosocial well-being: A systematic review.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Leishmanicidal efficacy of cold atmospheric multiple plasma jet against Leishmania major in a murine model: effects on parasite burden, cytokine profiles, and wound healing.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Lymphocyte-mediated immune responses to Leishmania infection.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Antileishmanial and Antibacterial Activity of Bioconjugate Guanidine-Temporin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) regulates IL-17A-mediated immunity toFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Identifying gaps in the care and management of NTD morbidity, disability and disfigurement in Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Leishmaniasis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Quality of Life, Disability, and Fungal Neglected Tropical Diseases.Current fungal infection reports · 2025Article
- Safety and reactogenicity of a controlled human infection model of sand fly-transmitted cutaneous leishmaniasis.Nature medicine · 2024Observational
- Understanding American tegumentary leishmaniasis in urban Montes Claros, Brazil: insights from clinical, immunological and therapeutic investigations.Parasitology · 2024Article
- 'The Lost Peace': Evidencing the Syndemic Relationship between Neglected Tropical Diseases and Mental Distress in Liberia.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Involving patients in drug development for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs): A qualitative study exploring and incorporating preferences of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis into Target Product Profile development.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Mental health and neglected tropical diseases - the neglected dimension of burden: identifying the challenges and understanding the burden.International health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) associated with chronic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) has been identified as a significant and overlooked contributor to overall disease burden. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most prevalent and stigmatising NTDs, with an incidence of around 1 million new cases of active CL infection annually. However, the characteristic residual scarring (inactive CL) following almost all cases of active CL has only recently been recognised as part of the CL disease spectrum due to its lasting psychosocial impact. METHODS AND
findingsWe performed a multi-language systematic review of the psychosocial impact of active and inactive CL. We estimated inactive CL (iCL) prevalence for the first time using reported WHO active CL (aCL) incidence data that were adjusted for life expectancy and underreporting. We then quantified the disability (YLD) burden of co-morbid MDD in CL using MDD disability weights at three severity levels. Overall, we identified 29 studies of CL psychological impact from 5 WHO regions, representing 11 of the 50 highest burden countries for CL. We conservatively calculated the disability burden of co-morbid MDD in CL to be 1.9 million YLDs, which equalled the overall (DALY) disease burden (assuming no excess mortality in depressed CL patients). Thus, upon inclusion of co-morbid MDD alone in both active and inactive CL, the DALY burden was seven times higher than the latest 2016 Global Burden of Disease study estimates, which notably omitted both psychological impact and inactive CL.
conclusionsFailure to include co-morbid MDD and the lasting sequelae of chronic NTDs, as exemplified by CL, leads to large underestimates of overall disease burden.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.