ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2019
A single test approach for accurate and sensitive detection and taxonomic characterization of Trypanosomes by comprehensive analysis of internal transcribed spacer 1 amplicons.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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21 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determination of the efficacy of red ginger (Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Restricted insecticide application: a last mile control option for elimination of acute sleeping sickness and progressive control of African animal trypanosomiasis in South-Eastern Uganda.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Morphometrics analysis and molecular identification of theOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Domestic dogs as reservoirs for African trypanosomiasis in Mambwe district, eastern Zambia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Killing tsetse and/or saving wildlife? A multispecies assemblage in colonial Zambia (1895-1959).Anthropology Southern Africa : [journal] · 2024Article
- Molecular identification of new Trypanosoma evansi type non-A/B isolates from buffaloes and cattle in Indonesia.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2024Article
- Bovine Piroplasma Populations in the Philippines Characterized Using Targeted Amplicon Deep Sequencing.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Molecular and genetic diversity in isolates of Trypanosoma evansi from naturally infected horse and dogs by using RoTat 1.2 VSG gene in Madhya Pradesh, India.Molecular biology reports · 2023Article
- DOES TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI HAVE THE MAXICIRCLE GENE, OR CAN TRYPANOSOMA EQUIPERDUM BE ISOLATED FROM BOVINES?The Journal of parasitology · 2023Article
- Detection ofVeterinary world · 2023Article
- Development of a TaqMan qPCR assay for trypanosomatid multi-species detection and quantification in insects.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Molecular genotyping reveals mixed bovine and human trypanosomiasis in cattle from West Africa.Veterinary world · 2023Article
- Prevalence of trypanosomes and selected symbionts in tsetse species of eastern Zambia.Parasitology · 2022Article
- A longitudinal two-year survey of the prevalence of trypanosomes in domestic cattle in Ghana by massively parallel sequencing of barcoded amplicons.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Breeding of African sheep reared under low-input/output smallholder production systems for trypanotolerance.Veterinary world · 2022Review
- Comparison of Microscopy, Card Agglutination Test forJournal of veterinary research · 2022Article
- Comprehensive analysis of oral administration of Vitamin E on the early stage ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2021Article
- Challenges in the Diagnostic Performance of Parasitological and Molecular Tests in the Surveillance of African Trypanosomiasis in Eastern Zambia.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Article
- Genetic Diversity of African Trypanosomes in Tsetse Flies and Cattle From the Kafue Ecosystem.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Diversity of trypanosomes in wildlife of the Kafue ecosystem, Zambia.International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To improve our knowledge on the epidemiological status of African trypanosomiasis, better tools are required to monitor Trypanosome genotypes circulating in both mammalian hosts and tsetse fly vectors. This is important in determining the diversity of Trypanosomes and understanding how environmental factors and control efforts affect Trypanosome evolution. We present a single test approach for molecular detection of different Trypanosome species and subspecies using newly designed primers to amplify the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 region of ribosomal RNA genes, coupled to Illumina sequencing of the amplicons. The protocol is based on Illumina's widely used 16s bacterial metagenomic analysis procedure that makes use of multiplex PCR and dual indexing. Results from analysis of wild tsetse flies collected from Zambia and Zimbabwe show that conventional methods for Trypanosome species detection based on band size comparisons on gels is not always able to accurately distinguish between T. vivax and T. godfreyi. Additionally, this approach shows increased sensitivity in the detection of Trypanosomes at species level with the exception of the Trypanozoon subgenus. We identified subspecies of T. congolense, T. simiae, T. vivax, and T. godfreyi without the need for additional tests. Results show T. congolense Kilifi subspecies is more closely related to T. simiae than to other T. congolense subspecies. This agrees with previous studies using satellite DNA and 18s RNA analysis. While current classification does not list any subspecies for T. godfreyi, we observed two distinct clusters for these species. Interestingly, sequences matching T. congolense Tsavo (now classified as T. simiae Tsavo) clusters distinctly from other T. simiae Tsavo sequences suggesting the Nannomonas group is more divergent than currently thought thus the need for better classification criteria. This method presents a simple but comprehensive way of identification of Trypanosome species and subspecies-specific using one PCR assay for molecular epidemiology of trypanosomes.
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