ArticleMolecular pain
Dynamic changes in CGRP, PACAP, and PACAP receptors in the trigeminovascular system of a novel repetitive electrical stimulation rat model: Relevant to migraine.
Article in Molecular pain. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- CGRP and PACAP-38 play an important role in diagnosing pediatric migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2022Trial
- Rimegepant for vestibular and cochlear symptoms associated with vertigo in a real-world retrospective study.iScience · 2026Article
- Neuro-immune axis in atherosclerosis: mechanisms of regulation and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Inhibition of 2-AG hydrolysis alleviates posttraumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Advances in understanding migraine pathophysiology: a bench to bedside review of research insights and therapeutics.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- PACAP/PAC1-R activation contributes to hyperalgesia in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease model rats via promoting excitatory synaptic transmission of spinal dorsal horn neurons.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2023Article
- GFAP-NpHR mediated optogenetic inhibition of trigeminal nucleus caudalis attenuates hypersensitive behaviors and thalamic discharge attributed to infraorbital nerve constriction injury.The journal of headache and pain · 2023Article
- Semi-Automated Recording of Facial Sensitivity in Rat Demonstrates Antinociceptive Effects of the Anti-CGRP Antibody Fremanezumab.Neurology international · 2023Article
- Shared and independent roles of CGRP and PACAP in migraine pathophysiology.The journal of headache and pain · 2023Review
- Exploration of phytochemicals and probing potential effects of3 Biotech · 2023Article
- A Bibliometric and Scientific Knowledge Map Study of Migraine Treatment from 2013 to 2022.Journal of pain research · 2023Article
- PACInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Advantages of imaging photoplethysmography for migraine modeling: new optical markers of trigemino-vascular activation in rats.The journal of headache and pain · 2021Article
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide: A Potent Therapeutic Agent in Oxidative Stress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Migraine neuroscience: from experimental models to target therapy.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020Review
- Migraine: Experimental Models and Novel Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- The effect of orofacial complete Freund's adjuvant treatment on the expression of migraine-related molecules.The journal of headache and pain · 2019Article
- Effect of Electroacupuncture on Hyperalgesia and Vasoactive Neurotransmitters in a Rat Model of Conscious Recurrent Migraine.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Migraine is the seventh most disabling disorder globally, with prevalence of 11.7% worldwide. One of the prevailing mechanisms is the activation of the trigeminovascular system, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an important therapeutic target for migraine in this system. Recent studies suggested an emerging role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) in migraine. However, the relation between CGRP and PACAP and the role of PACAP in migraine remain undefined. In this study, we established a novel repetitive (one, three, and seven days) electrical stimulation model by stimulating dura mater in conscious rats. Then, we determined expression patterns in the trigeminal ganglion and the trigeminal nucleus caudalis of the trigeminovascular system. Electrical stimulation decreased facial mechanical thresholds, and the order of sensitivity was as follows: vibrissal pad >inner canthus >outer canthus (P < 0.001). The electrical stimulation group exhibited head-turning and head-flicks (P < 0.05) nociceptive behaviors. Importantly, electrical stimulation increased the expressions of CGRP, PACAP, and the PACAP-preferring type 1 (PAC1) receptor in both trigeminal ganglion and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (P < 0.05). The expressions of two vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-shared type 2 (VPAC1 and VPAC2) receptors were increased in the trigeminal ganglion, whereas in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, their increases were peaked on Day 3 and then decreased by Day 7. PACAP was colocalized with NEUronal Nuclei (NeuN), PAC1, and CGRP in both trigeminal ganglion and the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Our results demonstrate that the repetitive electrical stimulation model can simulate the allodynia during the migraine chronification, and PACAP plays a role in the pathogenesis of migraine potentially via PAC1 receptor.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.