ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2019
Assessing the relationship between food insecurity and mortality among U.S. adults.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association of Food Insecurity and Risk of Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Large-Scale Cohorts.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring food environment interventions for diet-related outcomes using a food sovereignty framework: a systematic review.Health promotion international · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of Health and Social Factors on the Cardiometabolic Risk in People with Food Insecurity: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Food insecurity moderates the relationship between momentary affect and adherence in a dietary intervention study.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Trial
- From pantry to physiology: A narrative review linking food insecurity to biological dysfunction.Dialogues in health · 2026Review
- Effects of healthy lifestyles on the association between food security and all-cause mortality risk.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Article
- Food Insecurity and Mortality From Digestive Tract Diseases in the United States.Gastro hep advances · 2026Article
- Food Insecurity, Walkability, and Social Determinants of Health: A Cross-Sectional, County-Level Study of Associations with Maternal and Infant Mortality in the United States.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Community-based social assistance programs and household food insecurity among de novo food-aid seekers in Quebec, Canada.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- The Interplay of Food Insecurity, Diet Quality, and Dementia Status in their Association with All-Cause Mortality Among Older US Adults in the Health and Retirement Study 2012-2020.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2025Article
- Interaction Effect of Food Insecurity and Stroke on the Risk of All-Cause Mortality: NHANES 2015-2018.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association between pre-pandemic wealth and material hardships during the COVID-19 pandemic: how racial and ethnic wealth inequities shape household vulnerability to national crises.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- Comparison of Associations of Food Security Instruments and Mediators With Premature All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Death in US Adults.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2025Article
- Emergency Department Food Insecurity Screening, Food Voucher Distribution and Utilization: A Prospective Cohort Study.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Dietary Restriction, Socioeconomic Factors, Access to Kidney Transplantation, and Waitlist Mortality.Clinical transplantation · 2024Article
- Association between social determinants of health and survival among the US cancer survivors population.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Food insecurity and suicidal behaviours among Bangladeshi university students: a multi-institutional cross-sectional study.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Understanding food insecurity risk in the United States: A longitudinal analysis.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Effects of Episodic Food Insecurity on Psychological and Physiological Responses in African American Women With Obesity (RESPONSES): Protocol for a Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Feasibility of a food-based diabetes self-management education intervention for food insecure patients with type 2 diabetes: a convergent mixed methods study.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeSignificant evidence supports a relationship between food insecurity and health, but little work has investigated its relationship on all-cause mortality within a high resource country, such as the United States.
methodsData from the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was matched to National Death Index information. Cox models were used to study the relationship between mortality and food insecurity, adjusting for relevant covariates in a sequential manner (demographics, comorbidities, lifestyle variables, body mass index). Food insecurity was used as dichotomous and as four categories.
resultsOf 20,918 participants, 11.6% (representing 208,789,244 U.S. residents) were food insecure. When food insecurity was dichotomized, there was 49% higher odds of mortality after adjusting for demographics (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.19-1.87). After adjusting for comorbidities, the HR remained significant, but lost significance with adjustment for lifestyle factors and body mass index (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.94-1.42). However, marginal food security lost significance after adjustment for lifestyle variables.
conclusionsFood insecurity significantly impacts all-cause mortality in the United States; however, lifestyle may explain this relationship. Interventions should account for level of severity when creating targeted programs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.