ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2019
Geographic correlates of primary and secondary syphilis among men who have sex with men in the United States.
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Identifying missed prevention opportunities: maternal and congenital syphilis in hospital records and birth certificates in California from 2011 to 2021.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Assessing the association between elements of health inequalities and the risk of bacterial infection in high-income countries: a systematic scoping review.Access microbiology · 2026Review
- Enhancing insights in sexually transmitted infection mapping: Syphilis in Forsyth County, North Carolina, a case study.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of syphilis, 1990-2021 and predictions by Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Spatial Heterogeneity and Its Influencing Factors of Syphilis in Ningxia, Northwest China, from 2004 to 2017: A Spatial Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Geospatial Social Determinants of Health Correlate with Disparities in Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis Cases in California.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Trends in State Policy Support for Sexual Minorities and HIV-Related Outcomes Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States, 2008-2014.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
- Transactional Sex and Incident Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in Atlanta, Georgia.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2020Article
- Using Mixed Methods and Multidisciplinary Research to Strengthen Policy Assessments Focusing on Populations at High Risk for Sexually Transmitted Diseases.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePrimary and secondary (P&S) syphilis in men who have sex with men (MSM) has been increasing; however, there is a lack of research on geographic factors associated with MSM P&S syphilis.
methodsWe used multiple data sources to examine associations between social and environmental factors and MSM P&S syphilis rates at the state- and county-level in 2014 and 2015, separately. General linear models were used for state-level analyses, and hurdle models were used for county-level models. Bivariate analyses (P < .25) were used to select variables for adjusted models.
resultsIn 2014 and 2015 state models, a higher percentage of impoverished persons (2014 β = 1.24, 95% confidence interval, 0.28-2.20; 2015 β = 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-1.97) was significantly associated with higher MSM P&S syphilis rates. In the 2015 county model, policies related to sexual orientation (marriage, housing, hate crimes) were significant correlates of MSM P&S syphilis rates (P < .05).
conclusionsOur state-level findings that poverty is associated with MSM P&S syphilis are consistent with research at the individual level across different subpopulations and various sexually transmitted diseases. Our findings also suggest that more research is needed to further evaluate potential associations between policies and sexually transmitted diseases. Geographic-level interventions to address these determinants may help curtail the rising syphilis rates and their sequelae in MSM.
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