ArticleJournal of physical activity & health2019
Associations Between Timing of Meals, Physical Activity, Light Exposure, and Sleep With Body Mass Index in Free-Living Adults.
Article in Journal of physical activity & health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Timing of physical activity within the 24-hour day and its influence on health: a systematic review.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2022Pooled it
- Longitudinal timing of physical activity and associated cardiometabolic and behavioral health outcomes in young adults.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Article
- The impact of physical activity on sleep architecture and cognitive function among college students.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association between device-based measured physical activity timing and depression risk: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between timing and consistency of physical activity and type 2 diabetes: a cohort study on participants of the UK Biobank.Diabetologia · 2023Article
- Timing of physical activity in relation to liver fat content and insulin resistance.Diabetologia · 2023Article
- Circadian clock and temporal meal pattern.Medical review (2021) · 2023Review
- Article
- Timing of objectively-collected physical activity in relation to body weight and metabolic health in sedentary older people: a cross-sectional and prospective analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Article
- Examining the Role of Exercise Timing in Weight Management: A Review.International journal of sports medicine · 2021Review
- Temporal physical activity patterns are associated with obesity in U.S. adults.Preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Transdisciplinary Research in Energetics and Cancer early career investigator training program: first year results.Translational behavioral medicine · 2021Article
- Association between Sleep Timing and Weight Status among 14- to 19-Year-Old Adolescents in Wuhan, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Feeding Rhythms and the Circadian Regulation of Metabolism.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study tested if the timing of meals, physical activity, light exposure, and sleep cluster within individuals and are associated with body mass index (BMI) in a sample of free-living adults (N = 125).
methodsData were collected between November 2015 and March 2016 at the University of California, San Diego, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Washington University in St Louis. Height and weight were measured, and BMI (kg/m
resultsLater exposure to outdoor light was associated with a lower BMI (P trend < .01). The timing of other behaviors was not independently associated with BMI. The latent class analysis identified 2 distinct groups related to behavioral timing, reflecting an "early bird" and "night owl" phenotype. These phenotypes were not associated with BMI (P > .05).
conclusionTiming of exposures to light, meals, sleep, and physical activity were not strongly associated with BMI in this sample.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.