Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30796294›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2019

Distribution of insulin in trigeminal nerve and brain after intranasal administration.

Jeffrey J Lochhead, Kathryn L Kellohen, Patrick T Ronaldson, Thomas P Davis

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
80citing papers in PubMed
6.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

80 citing papers in PubMed, 131 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. Modulation of antibody transport in the brain and spinal cord through the intranasal pathway.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Nose-to-brain drug delivery: from bench to bedside.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025
    Review

20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jeffrey J LochheadDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA. lochhead@email.arizona.edu.
Kathryn L KellohenDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA.
Patrick T RonaldsonDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA.
Thomas P DavisDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA.
University of Arizona · US

Funding

BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER CHANGES INDUCED BY PAINR01NS042652 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI DAVIS, THOMAS PAUL · 2002 to 2017
$7.6M
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) 042652
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the brain, insulin acts as a growth factor, regulates energy homeostasis, and is involved in learning and memory acquisition. Many central nervous system (CNS) diseases are characterized by deficits in insulin signaling. Pre-clinical studies have shown that intranasal insulin is neuroprotective in models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury. Clinical trials have also shown that intranasal insulin elicits beneficial cognitive effects in patients with Alzheimer's disease. It is known that insulin can be detected in the CNS within minutes following intranasal administration. Despite these advances, the anatomical pathways that insulin utilizes to reach the CNS and the cellular CNS targets after intranasal administration are not fully understood. Here, we intranasally administered fluorescently labeled insulin and imaged its localization within the brain and trigeminal nerves. Our data indicates that intranasal insulin can reach cellular CNS targets along extracellular components of the trigeminal nerve. Upon CNS entry, we found insulin significantly increased levels of an activated form of the insulin receptor. These findings suggest that the intranasal route of administration is able to effectively deliver insulin to CNS targets in a biologically active form.

Indexed as

Administration, IntranasalAnimalsBrainFemaleFluorescein-5-isothiocyanateHumansInsulinPhosphotyrosineRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptor, InsulinTissue DistributionTrigeminal NerveFluorescein-5-isothiocyanateInsulinPhosphotyrosineReceptor, Insulin

Identifiers

PMID30796294
PMCPMC6385374
OpenAlexW2917482585

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.