ArticleBMJ open2019
Prevalence and risk factors for pterygium: a cross-sectional study in Han and Manchu ethnic populations in Hebei, China.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring dysregulation of cuproptosis-related genes molecular clusters and candidate biomarkers in pterygium.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The impact of marital status on hypertension: SEM analysis of a Chinese general population cohort.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Investigating immune cell infiltration and gene expression features in pterygium pathogenesis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula and their risk factors: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Article
- The effects of exposure to solar radiation on human health.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2023Article
- Prevalence and associated factors for pterygium in a Chinese rural population with type 2 diabetes in a cross-sectional study: Jiangsu Diabetic Eye Disease Study (JDEDS).International ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Genetic evidence implicating circulating lipids and lipid drug targets in pterygium.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the Effects of Pterygium and Aging on Limbal Structure Using Optical Coherence Tomography.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Reproductive risk factors of pterygium in postmenopausal women: a nationwide study in the Republic of Korea.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Ethnic differences in the incidence of pterygium in a multi-ethnic Asian population: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Environmental and Genetic Determinants of Major Chronic Disease in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region: Protocol for a Community-Based Cohort Study.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Correlation between the presumed pterygium with dry eye and with systemic and ocular risk factors.Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia · 2021Article
- Does systemic inflammation play a role in patients with pterygium?International ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Clinical demographics of pterygium excision and prevalence of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia: a 15-year review.International ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Pterygium Among Adults Living in Kolla Diba Town, Northwest Ethiopia.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Causal associations between smoking and ocular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.Advances in ophthalmology practice and researchArticle
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo investigate the prevalence, ethnic differences and associated risk factors for pterygium in Han and Manchu populations aged 40-79 years in Hebei province, China.
designCross-sectional study, as a part of the China National Health Survey.
settingHebei province, China.
participantsA multistage cluster sampling method with urbanisation level-based stratification was used to select participants for this study. A total of 4591 individuals over 40 years were recruited for this study. Inclusive criteria: (1) residents who had been living in Hebei for more than 1 year; (2) Han individuals with both parents being Han, or Manchu individuals with both parents being Manchu; (3) underwent ophthalmic examinations and (4) information in the questionnaire was complete.
main outcome measuresMultiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between pterygium prevalence and factors of interest.
resultsA total of 3790 individuals (2351 Hans and 1439 Manchus) met the study criteria, of which 248 were diagnosed with pterygium (6.5%). There was no significant difference between the prevalence rates in Hans (6.2%) and Manchus (7.2%) (p=0.232). Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for grade 2 or higher pterygium were increasing age (p<0.001) and rural residence (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.02; p=0.018), while the protective factors include gender (female) (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.88; p=0.011), cigarette smoking (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.83; p=0.005) and myopia (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.77; p=0.002). Premature menopause (OR 2.66; 95% CI 1.05 to 6.72; p=0.038) increased the risk of grade 2 or higher pterygium in females, while higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.47; p=0.027) was a risk factor of grade 2 or higher pterygium in males.
conclusionThe overall prevalence of pterygium in Han and Manchu population in Hebei, China was approximately 6.1%. There were no differences in the prevalence of pterygium between Hans and Manchus, and the race was not a risk factor. This is the first study to report on the positive association between premature menopause and pterygium in females and between higher HDL levels and pterygium in males.
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