ArticleBMJ open2019
Identifying the risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a large cross-sectional study of six hospitals.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early vs Late Urinary Catheter Removal After Renal Transplantation Randomised Clinical Trial
Continence Care Registry (ConCaRe™)
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the economic burden of complicated urinary tract infection: A systematic literature review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Pooled it
- Materials-based incidence of urinary catheter associated urinary tract infections and the causative micro-organisms: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC urology · 2024Pooled it
- Early versus late removal of urinary catheter after kidney transplantation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in partial nephrectomy for renal tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Patient and Family Engagement in Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) Prevention: A Systematic Review.Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety · 2021Pooled it
- Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Prevention Practices in US Hospitals.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Article
- Distribution of Uropathogens and Molecular Characterisation of Virulence Genes of UropathogenicPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neuromodulatory effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on post-stroke urinary retention: insights from neuroelectrophysiological assessment.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Reducing catheter urinary tract infection risk through biofilm prevention: evidence-based strategies for urinary catheter management.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Cumulative Vulnerability in Cardiac Critical Care: A Framework for Understanding Healthcare-Associated Infections and Their Progression to Severe Infection and Sepsis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Postoperative Bladder Distension Leading to Compromised VRAM Flap Perfusion Following Abdominoperineal Reconstruction: A Two-Case Series.Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Article
- Nudging with monthly feedback may help to reduce urinary catheter days and catheter-associated urinary tract infections.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Diabetes Mellitus and Enhanced Vulnerability toPolish journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Clinical profiles and modifiable risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infections in hospitalized obstetrics and gynecology patients: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Summary of best evidence for CAUTI evidence-based nursing measures and localized quality improvement innovations.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Analysis of Risk Factors for Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Stroke Patients and Their Impact on Healthcare Quality.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Early versus delayed trial without catheter in men with Acute urinary retention - Study Protocol for a dutch national randomized trial.PloS one · 2026Article
- CAUTIon - not all UTIs are the same.Nature reviews. Urology · 2025Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
motivationCatheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are a common and serious healthcare-associated infection. Despite many efforts to reduce the occurrence of CAUTI, there remains a gap in the literature about CAUTI risk factors, especially pertaining to the effect of catheter dwell-time on CAUTI development and patient comorbidities.
objectiveTo examine how the risk for CAUTI changes over time. Additionally, to assess whether time from catheter insertion to CAUTI event varied according to risk factors such as age, sex, patient type (surgical vs medical) and comorbidities.
designRetrospective cohort study of all patients who were catheterised from 2012 to 2016, including those who did and did not develop CAUTIs. Both paediatric and adult patients were included. Indwelling urinary catheterisation is the exposure variable. The variable is interval, as all participants were exposed but for different lengths of time.
settingUrban academic health system of over 2500 beds. The system encompasses two large academic medical centres, two community hospitals and a paediatric hospital.
resultsThe study population was 47 926 patients who had 61 047 catheterisations, of which 861 (1.41%) resulted in a CAUTI. CAUTI rates were found to increase non-linearly for each additional day of catheterisation; CAUTI-free survival was 97.3% (CI: 97.1 to 97.6) at 10 days, 88.2% (CI: 86.9 to 89.5) at 30 days and 71.8% (CI: 66.3 to 77.8) at 60 days. This translated to an instantaneous HR of. 49%-1.65% in the 10-60 day time range. Paraplegia, cerebrovascular disease and female sex were found to statistically increase the chances of a CAUTI.
conclusionsUsing a very large data set, we demonstrated the incremental risk of CAUTI associated with each additional day of catheterisation, as well as the risk factors that increase the hazard for CAUTI. Special attention should be given to patients carrying these risk factors, for example, females or those with mobility issues.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.