ArticlePLoS biology2019
Microglia exit the CNS in spinal root avulsion.
Article in PLoS biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Glial cells in neuropathic pain.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- The regenerative period of somatosensory nerves is closed by a DCC signaling axis.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- An ultrastructural map of a spinal sensorimotor circuit reveals the potential of astroglia modulation.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Microglia-derived nanovesicles synchronize macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy for Alzheimer's disease therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Defining the molecular identity and morphology of glia limitans superficialis astrocytes in vertebrates.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Sex and Region-Specific Differences in Microglial Morphology and Function Across Development.Neuroglia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Microglia cannibalism and efferocytosis leads to shorter lifespans of developmental microglia.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing integrated with bulk RNA sequencing analysis reveals the protective effects of lactate-mediated lactylation of microglia-related proteins on spinal cord injury.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Microglia cannibalism and efferocytosis leads to shorter lifespans of developmental microglia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Embryonic stem cells overexpressing high molecular weight FGF2 isoform enhance recovery of pre-ganglionic spinal root lesion in combination with fibrin biopolymer mediated root repair.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Article
- Glial plasticity at nervous system transition zones.Biology open · 2023Review
- Self-renewing macrophages in dorsal root ganglia contribute to promote nerve regeneration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Evolutionarily conserved concepts in glial cell biology.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2023Review
- How Nanotherapeutic Platforms Play a Key Role in Glioma? A Comprehensive Review of Literature.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Review
- Microglia in the context of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Homozygous mutation inBioImpacts : BI · 2023Article
- The embryonic zebrafish brain is seeded by a lymphatic-dependent population of mrc1Nature neuroscience · 2022Article
- Investigating Microglial Ultrastructural Alterations and Intimate Relationships with Neuronal Stress, Dystrophy, and Degeneration in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- A Subset of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells Interact With the Developing Dorsal Root Entry Zone During Its Genesis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microglia are central nervous system (CNS)-resident cells. Their ability to migrate outside of the CNS, however, is not understood. Using time-lapse imaging in an obstetrical brachial plexus injury (OBPI) model, we show that microglia squeeze through the spinal boundary and emigrate to peripheral spinal roots. Although both macrophages and microglia respond, microglia are the debris-clearing cell. Once outside the CNS, microglia re-enter the spinal cord in an altered state. These peripheral nervous system (PNS)-experienced microglia can travel to distal CNS areas from the injury site, including the brain, with debris. This emigration is balanced by two mechanisms-induced emigration via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) dependence and restriction via contact-dependent cellular repulsion with macrophages. These discoveries open the possibility that microglia can migrate outside of their textbook-defined regions in disease states.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.