Trial reportJournal of neurotrauma2019
Association of Very Early Serum Levels of S100B, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase-L1, and Spectrin Breakdown Product with Outcome in ProTECT III.
Trial report in Journal of neurotrauma, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Traumatic Brain Injury Severity Measured by Clinical, Radiographical, and Blood Biomarker Measures Is Associated with Non-Neurological Organ Dysfunction: A Secondary Analysis of ProTECT III and Bio-ProTECT.Journal of neurotrauma · 2025Trial
- Progesterone for Traumatic Brain Injury, Experimental Clinical Treatment III Trial Revisited: Objective Classification of Traumatic Brain Injury With Brain Imaging Segmentation and Biomarker Levels.Critical care explorations · 2025Trial
- Accuracy of head computed tomography scoring systems in predicting outcomes for patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A ProTECT III ancillary study.The neuroradiology journal · 2023Trial
- Hypothermia for Patients Requiring Evacuation of Subdural Hematoma: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.Neurocritical care · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Blood-based biomarkers for prediction of intracranial hemorrhage and outcome in patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2020Trial
- Inflammatory blood-based biomarkers to aid in the assessment and prognostication of traumatic brain injury: a TRACK-TBI study.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury: Advances in Diagnostic Techniques and Treatment Modalities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Deciphering the Structural Biology of GFAP: Connotations of Its Potency in Presaging the Diagnosis for Traumatic Brain Injury and AD.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Predicting outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury: A prospective analysis of clinical, radiological, and laboratory indicators.Surgical neurology international · 2025Article
- MRI variables and peripheral inflammatory response biomarkers predict severity and prognosis in patients with acute cervical traumatic spinal cord injury.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- The association between serum S100β levels and prognosis in acute stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis: a multicenter prospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Parallel Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Temporal Profile Assessment of Axonal Injury Biomarkers Neurofilament-Light Chain and Phosphorylated Neurofilament-Heavy Chain: Associations With Patient Outcome in Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of neurotrauma · 2024Article
- Inflammation biomarkers IL‑6 and IL‑10 may improve the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of currently authorized traumatic brain injury tools.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- High arterial oxygen levels and supplemental oxygen administration in traumatic brain injury: insights from CENTER-TBI and OzENTER-TBI.Intensive care medicine · 2022Observational
- Predictive nomogram for soft robotic hand rehabilitation of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.BMC neurology · 2022Article
- Prognostic value of day-of-injury plasma GFAP and UCH-L1 concentrations for predicting functional recovery after traumatic brain injury in patients from the US TRACK-TBI cohort: an observational cohort study.The Lancet. Neurology · 2022Observational
- Blood GFAP as an emerging biomarker in brain and spinal cord disorders.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2022Review
- A multi-staged neuropeptide response to traumatic brain injury.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2022Article
- Detection of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Patient Plasma Using On-Chip Graphene Field-Effect Biosensors, in Comparison with ELISA and Single-Molecule Array.ACS sensors · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Rapid risk-stratification of patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) would inform management decisions and prognostication. The objective of this serum biomarker study (Biomarkers of Injury and Outcome [BIO]-Progesterone for Traumatic Brain Injury, Experimental Clinical Treatment [ProTECT]) was to test the hypothesis that serum biomarkers of structural brain injury, measured at a single, very early time-point, add value beyond relevant clinical covariates when predicting unfavorable outcome 6 months after moderate-to-severe acute TBI. BIO-ProTECT utilized prospectively collected samples obtained from subjects with moderate-to-severe TBI enrolled in the ProTECT III clinical trial of progesterone. Serum samples were obtained within 4 h after injury. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100B, αII-spectrin breakdown product of molecular weight 150 (SBDP150), and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) were measured. The association between log-transformed biomarker levels and poor outcome, defined by a Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) score of 1-4 at 6 months post-injury, were estimated via logistic regression. Prognostic models and a biomarker risk score were developed using bootstrapping techniques. Of 882 ProTECT III subjects, samples were available for 566. Each biomarker was associated with 6-month GOS-E (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.