ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2019
Translating the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes into national measures in nine countries.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Outcomes of implementing the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes as national laws: a systematic review.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Pooled it
- Developments in the field of health policy analysis in low- and middle-income countries: a review of published literature 2008-2023.Health policy and planning · 2026Review
- Generating political priority for breastfeeding and the adoption of Kenya's 2012 BMS act: the importance of women's leadership.Globalization and health · 2025Article
- Evidence-Based Lessons from Policy Implementation Research in Two Countries Achieving Progress on Global Breastfeeding Targets: Recommendations from the Philippines and Viet Nam.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The characteristics of formula milk marketing on health system: a qualitative study from Beijing and Jinan in China.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The effect of the implementation of the international code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes on child mortality in Ghana and Tanzania.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- "Stronger with Breastmilk Only" Initiative in 5 African Countries: Case Study on the Implementation Process and Contribution to the Enabling Environment for Breastfeeding.Current developments in nutrition · 2023Article
- Legislation on marketing of breast-milk substitutes in digital and social media: a scoping review.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- The multiple factors of suboptimal early feeding practices among infants aged 0-5 months in Indonesia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Violations of International Code of Breast-milk Substitutes (BMS) in commercial settings and media in Bangladesh.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- Mother-Baby Friendly Philippines: Using Citizen Reporting to Improve Compliance to the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes.Global health, science and practice · 2022Article
- The idealisation of bottle feeding: content analysis of feeding bottles and teats packages in Uruguay.Public health nutrition · 2021Article
- First-food systems transformations and the ultra-processing of infant and young child diets: The determinants, dynamics and consequences of the global rise in commercial milk formula consumption.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Article
- Is the legal framework by itself enough for successful WHO code implementation? A case study from Ethiopia.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Review
- National nutrition strategies that focus on maternal, infant, and young child nutrition in Southeast Asia do not consistently align with regional and international recommendations.Maternal & child nutrition · 2020Article
- Translating the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes into national measures in nine countries.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Article
- Enhancing governance and strengthening advocacy for policy change of large Collective Impact initiatives.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Article
- Contribution of the Alive & Thrive-UNICEF advocacy efforts to improve infant and young child feeding policies in Southeast Asia.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Article
- Strengthening advocacy and policy change for infant and young child feeding.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Article
- Real-time evaluation can inform global and regional efforts to improve breastfeeding policies and programmes.Maternal & child nutrition · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the Code) adopted by the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1981 and regularly updated through subsequent WHA resolutions, represents the international policy framework for protecting breastfeeding against inappropriate marketing practices. By March 2016, at least 135 countries had some measures covering provisions of the Code in their legislation. The translation of the International Code into national measures was investigated in the context of the advocacy efforts undertaken by the Alive & Thrive (A&T) initiative with UNICEF and partners. A real-time evaluation was carried out over 22 months in seven Southeast Asian countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic [Lao PDR], Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and Timor-Leste) and two African countries (Burkina Faso and Ethiopia). Drivers of policy change and progress were examined. Two theory-based approaches were used: developmental evaluation and contribution analysis. Data collection methods included participant observation, key informant meetings, in-depth interviews, reflective practice, and desk review. Overall, countries made significant progress in translating the International Code into national measures and in moving forward throughout the policy cycle. The main driver of policy change was the creation of a strategic group, which engaged key relevant actors and supported the government in the performance of 15 critical tasks, which the analysis reveals is a second driver. Those critical tasks are described in this paper and could help public health advocates to anticipate the stages and challenges of policy change and develop more effective strategies to translate the Code into their legal framework.
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