The nature of recollection across months and years and after medial temporal lobe damage.

We studied the narrative recollections of memory-impaired patients with medial temporal lobe (MTL) damage who took a 25-min guided walk during which 11 planned events occurred. The recollections of the patients, recorded directly after the walk, were compared with the recollections of controls tested directly after the walk (C1), after one month (C2), or after 2.6 years (C3). With respect to memory for the walk, the narrative recollections of the patients were impoverished compared with C1 but resembled the recollections of volunteers tested after long delays (C2 and C3). In addition, how language was used by the patients in their recollections resembled how language was used by groups C2 and C3 (higher-frequency words, less concrete words, fewer nouns, more adverbs, more pronouns, and more indefinite articles). These findings appear to reflect how individuals, either memory-impaired patients or controls, typically speak about the past when memory is weak and lacks detail and need not have special implications about language use and MTL function beyond the domain of memory. A notable exception to the similarity between patient narratives and the narratives of C2 and C3 was that the control groups reported the events of the walk in correct chronological order, whereas the order in which patients reported events bore no relationship to the order in which events occurred. We suggest that the MTL is especially important for accessing global information about events and the relationships among their elements.