ArticleBMC public health2019
Association between breakfast frequency and physical activity and sedentary time: a cross-sectional study in children from 12 countries.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01722500 (International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE)
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Timing of daily calorie loading affects appetite and hunger responses without changes in energy metabolism in healthy subjects with obesity.Cell metabolism · 2022Trial
- Trial
- What Drives Consumers' Breakfast Food Choices? Case Study in South Africa-A Multiethnic Middle-Income Country.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effect of Physical Activity Participation on Lifestyle Habits and School Life Among Korean Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Relations between the levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity, BMI, dietary habits, cognitive functions and attention problems in 8 to 9 years old pupils: network analysis (PACH Study).BMC public health · 2024Article
- Association of Physical Activity with Phenotypic Age among Populations with Different Breakfast Habits.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Article
- Socio-economic determinants of healthy behaviours among primary schoolchildren and adolescents in Lokossa district of southern Benin.International health · 2023Article
- Movement behaviours, breakfast consumption, and fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents.Journal of activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors · 2022Article
- Skipping breakfast and excess weight among young people: the moderator role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Eating breakfast is associated with weight loss during an intensive lifestyle intervention for overweight/obesity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Article
- Article
- Physical Activity, Screen Time, Sedentary and Sleeping Habits of Polish Preschoolers during the COVID-19 Pandemic and WHO's Recommendations: An Observational Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Observational
- Anthropometric, Familial- and Lifestyle-Related Characteristics of School Children Skipping Breakfast in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Article
- Relationships Between Eating Behaviors and Hand Grip Strength Among Chinese Adults: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2020Article
- The Daily Mile as a public health intervention: a rapid ethnographic assessment of uptake and implementation in South London, UK.BMC public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExisting research has documented inconsistent findings for the associations among breakfast frequency, physical activity (PA), and sedentary time in children. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations among breakfast frequency and objectively-measured PA and sedentary time in a sample of children from 12 countries representing a wide range of human development, economic development and inequality. The secondary aim was to examine interactions of these associations between study sites.
methodsThis multinational, cross-sectional study included 6228 children aged 9-11 years from the 12 International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment sites. Multilevel statistical models were used to examine associations between self-reported habitual breakfast frequency defined using three categories (breakfast consumed 0 to 2 days/week [rare], 3 to 5 days/week [occasional] or 6 to 7 days/week [frequent]) or two categories (breakfast consumed less than daily or daily) and accelerometry-derived PA and sedentary time during the morning (wake time to 1200 h) and afternoon (1200 h to bed time) with study site included as an interaction term. Model covariates included age, sex, highest parental education, body mass index z-score, and accelerometer waking wear time.
resultsParticipants averaged 60 (s.d. 25) min/day in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), 315 (s.d. 53) min/day in light PA and 513 (s.d. 69) min/day sedentary. Controlling for covariates, breakfast frequency was not significantly associated with total daily or afternoon PA and sedentary time. For the morning, frequent breakfast consumption was associated with a higher proportion of time in MVPA (0.3%), higher proportion of time in light PA (1.0%) and lower min/day and proportion of time sedentary (3.4 min/day and 1.3%) than rare breakfast consumption (all p ≤ 0.05). No significant associations were found when comparing occasional with rare or frequent breakfast consumption, or daily with less than daily breakfast consumption. Very few significant interactions with study site were found.
conclusionsIn this multinational sample of children, frequent breakfast consumption was associated with higher MVPA and light PA time and lower sedentary time in the morning when compared with rare breakfast consumption, although the small magnitude of the associations may lack clinical relevance.
trial registrationThe International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) is registered at (Identifier NCT01722500 ).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.