ArticleBMC ophthalmology2019
Convergence insufficiency and accommodative insufficiency in children.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pediatric Eye Evaluations Preferred Practice Pattern.Ophthalmology · 2023Guideline
- Accommodative responses stimulated from the Maddox components of vergence in participants with normal binocular vision.Journal of vision · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy with movement for accommodative dysfunction in concussion-related convergence insufficiency: a secondary analysis of the CONCUSS randomised clinical trial.British journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Migraine and Reduced Binocular Vision in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Efficacy of Treatment for Convergence Insufficiency with a New Digital Mobile Platform: A Comparative Preliminary Study.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prevalence and diagnostic signs of convergence insufficiency among schoolchildren in Kaohsiung, Taiwan: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Validation of Binocular Vision and Ocular Surface Assessment Tools in Digital Eye Strain Syndrome: The DESIROUS Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Temporal Variations in Convergence Insufficiency Symptomatic Status among University Students before and after COVID-19: A Longitudinal Analysis from 2018 to 2023.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Home vision therapy and prism prescription in presbyopic persons with convergence insufficiency: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Optimizing the Combination of Common Clinical Concussion Batteries to Predict Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms in a Prospective Cohort of Concussed Youth.The American journal of sports medicine · 2024Article
- Smartphone use patterns and the impact on accommodation and convergence system of the eyes among Malaysian teenagers.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Efferent compared to afferent neural substrates of the vergence eye movement system evoked via fMRI.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Maximizing the Accuracy of Adolescent Concussion Diagnosis Using Individual Elements of Common Standardized Clinical Assessment Tools.Journal of athletic training · 2023Article
- Frequencies and patterns of symptoms in Chinese adults with accommodative and binocular dysfunctions.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Precision Concussion Management: Approaches to Quantifying Head Injury Severity and Recovery.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Binocular vision findings in normally-sighted school aged children who used digital devices.PloS one · 2022Article
- Does coexisting accommodative dysfunction impact clinical convergence measures, symptoms and treatment success for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children?Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2022Article
- Relationship between age, refractive errors and motor fusion in a normal Chinese adult population: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeConvergence and accommodative insufficiency represent the main cause of complaints during close visual work and can reduce visual performance and comfort. Knowing their prevalence among schoolchildren is fundamental to define strategies for action. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of these conditions in children in 5th and 6th school years in inland Portugal and to assess the impact that each visual condition has on their quality of life, based on the level of visual symptoms.
methodsa cross-sectional study was carried out with children enrolled in the 5th and 6th school years. 372 children (192 girls) were assessed, with average ages of 10.9 ± 0.9 years. Refractive error and binocular vision assessment, integrating accommodative parameters, were used to analyse the visual condition. Symptoms were quantified using the Portuguese version of the CISS (Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey).
resultsThe prevalence of definite Convergence Insufficiency (CI) in the children assessed was 2%. A prevalence of 6,8% could be considered if clinically significant CI (high suspect and definite categories) cases are accounted. In relation to Accommodative Insufficiency (AI), a frequency rate of 10% was recorded, with 3% of the evaluated children presenting AI and CI simultaneously. The symptoms score was higher in AI than in CI.
conclusionsA frequency of approximately 10% was found for each one of the visual syndromes, and it was verified that visual discomfort is common among teenagers who carry these conditions. In cases of asthenopia, such as headaches and loss of concentration, associated with near vision activities, there is a requirement to evaluate the quality of binocular vision.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.