ReviewViruses2019
GII.4 Human Norovirus: Surveying the Antigenic Landscape.
Review in Viruses, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Production and Clinical Evaluation of Norwalk GI.1 Virus Lot 001-09NV in Norovirus Vaccine Development.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- Article
- A single amino acid in the viral capsid makes a major contribution to the interaction between human norovirus GII.6 and the bacterial Psl exopolysaccharide.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Multi-Ligand Interactions Shape Human Norovirus Persistence, Transmission, and Control in Food Matrices.Viruses · 2026Review
- A Prolonged Norovirus Infection and the Molecular Evolution of Human Norovirus Within-Host in a Child with Burkitt Lymphoma.Viruses · 2026Article
- Phylogenetic Analyses ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- One-component ionizable amphiphilic Janus dendrimers as a delivery platform for efficient mRNA vaccine development.Science advances · 2026Article
- Norovirus infection in pediatric acute gastroenteritis: epidemiology and clinical features in Ezhou, China, 2023-2025.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- GII.17 norovirus re-emerged in the 2020s as a result of dynamic and adaptive evolutionary processes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Highly variable antigenic site located at the apex of GII.4 norovirus capsid protein induces cross-reactive blocking antibodies in a variant-specific manner.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Review
- Human norovirus disturbs intestinal motility and transit time through its capsid proteins.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Molecular Evolution of GII.P31/GII.4_Sydney_2012 Norovirus over a Decade in a Clinic in Japan.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Norovirus Epidemiology and Genotype Circulation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil, 2019-2022.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Complex norovirus transmission dynamics at hospital wards revealed by deep sequencing.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2023Article
- Linear epitopes on the capsid protein of norovirus commonly elicit high antibody response among past-infected individuals.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Epidemiology and genetic diversity of norovirus GII genogroups among children in Hubei, China, 2017-2019.Virologica Sinica · 2023Article
- Conformational Control of Fast Asparagine Deamidation in a Norovirus Capsid Protein.Biochemistry · 2023Article
- Recent insights into reverse genetics of norovirus.Virus research · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human norovirus is the leading cause of viral acute onset gastroenteritis disease burden, with 685 million infections reported annually. Vulnerable populations, such as children under the age of 5 years, the immunocompromised, and the elderly show a need for inducible immunity, as symptomatic dehydration and malnutrition can be lethal. Extensive antigenic diversity between genotypes and within the GII.4 genotype present major challenges for the development of a broadly protective vaccine. Efforts have been devoted to characterizing antibody-binding interactions with dynamic human norovirus viral-like particles, which recognize distinct antigenic sites on the capsid. Neutralizing antibody functions recognizing these sites have been validated in both surrogate (ligand blockade of binding) and in vitro virus propagation systems. In this review, we focus on GII.4 capsid protein epitopes as defined by monoclonal antibody binding. As additional antibody epitopes are defined, antigenic sites emerge on the human norovirus capsid, revealing the antigenic landscape of GII.4 viruses. These data may provide a road map for the design of candidate vaccine immunogens that induce cross-protective immunity and the development of therapeutic antibodies and drugs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.