Trial reportAmerican journal of hematology2019
Clinical and laboratory features of autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Trial report in American journal of hematology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia in patients with malignant cancer.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Observational
- Hematologic toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors: real-world burden and risk profiles from a five-year cohort from the Middle East.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Hematological toxicities and thrombosis risk associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a pharmacovigilance study from 2014 to 2024.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Review
- Clinical features, treatment and outcomes of pembrolizumab induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia.Investigational new drugs · 2026Article
- Severe immune-related autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced by pembrolizumab: a case report with novel immunosuppressive strategy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Development and consequences of red blood cell autoantibodies: warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia.Current opinion in immunology · 2025Review
- Autoimmune Complications of Lymphoproliferative Diseases.Hematological oncology · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in endometrial cancer.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2025Article
- Early-Onset Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia from Pembrolizumab in a Patient with Metastatic Lung Cancer: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2025Article
- Immune hemolytic anemia associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a scoping review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Severe immunotherapy-related autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced by toripalimab in a patient with deficient mismatch repair colorectal cancer: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Cancer Therapy and Exercise Intolerance: The Heart Is But a Part:JACC. CardioOncology · 2024Review
- Chronic immune-related adverse events arising from immune checkpoint inhibitors: an update.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Review
- Achilles' Heel of currently approved immune checkpoint inhibitors: immune related adverse events.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia following immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors in two patients with metastatic melanoma: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Efficacy and challenges of anti-PD1 in MSI-H mCRC: a case report on concurrent infections and ir-AIHA.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis) are a novel class of immunotherapeutic agents that have revolutionized the treatment of cancer; however, these drugs can also cause a unique spectrum of autoimmune toxicity. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare, but often severe, complication of ICPis. We identified 14 patients from nine institutions across the United States who developed ICPi-AIHA. The median interval from ICPi initiation to development of AIHA was 55 days (interquartile range [IQR], 22-110 days). Results from the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) were available for 13 of 14 patients: 8 patients (62%) had a positive DAT and 5 (38%) had a negative DAT. The median pretreatment and nadir hemoglobin concentrations were 11.8 g/dL (IQR, 10.2-12.9 g/dL) and 6.3 g/dL (IQR, 6.1-8.0 g/dL), respectively. Four patients (29%) had a preexisting lymphoproliferative disorder, and two (14%) had a positive DAT prior to initiation of ICPi therapy. All patients were treated with glucocorticoids, with three requiring additional immunosuppressive therapy. Complete and partial recoveries of hemoglobin were achieved in 12 (86%) and 2 (14%) patients, respectively. Seven patients (50%) were rechallenged with ICPis, and one (14%) developed recurrent AIHA. Clinical and laboratory features of ICPi-AIHA were similar in DAT positive and negative patients. ICPi-AIHA shares many clinical features with primary AIHA; however, a unique aspect of ICPi-AIHA is a high incidence of DAT negativity. Glucocorticoids are an effective first-line treatment in the majority of patients with ICPi-AIHA, and most patients who are rechallenged with an ICPi do not appear to develop recurrence of AIHA.
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