Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30790191›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2019

A Qualitative Exploration of the Female Experience of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Victoria Milner, Hollie McIntosh, Emma Colvert, Francesca Happé

Abstract readTwin Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
84citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

84 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. A Systematic Review of Passing as Non-autistic in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2021
    Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Untangling Sex and Gender Differences in Impression Management and Associated Autism Features in French Autistic Adults.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Camouflaging and autism: Conceptualisation and methodological issues.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Community views on the assessment and diagnosis of autism: Principles to guide clinical practice.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026
    Article
  15. Identification of autistic Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand: A national cross-sectional study.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Victoria MilnerSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK. victoria.milner@kcl.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1821-5603
Hollie McIntoshSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
Emma ColvertSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
Francesca HappéSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK.

Funding

EORTC HEADQUARTERSU10CA011488 · NCI · EUROPEAN ORG/RES/TREATMENT/CANCER · PI LACOMBE, DENIS · 1985 to 2015
$6.6M
Economic and Social Research Council ES/M011488/1Medical Research Council G0500870
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder is thought to be a predominantly male diagnosis, however recent research suggests a smaller gender disparity in prevalence than previously assumed. Accounts of the female experience of autism are important to help reduce likely male-bias in current understanding and recognition of autism. Eighteen autistic females and four mothers of autistic females took part in discussions with a topic guide around diagnosis, impact and coping. A thematic analysis was conducted. Five themes were identified: fitting in the with the norm, potential obstacles for autistic women and girls, negative aspects of autism, the perspective of others, and positive aspects of having autism. We hope that greater understanding of the experiences of autistic females may lead to improved awareness, diagnosis and support for women and girls.

Indexed as

Qualitative ResearchSex CharacteristicsAdaptation, PsychologicalAdolescentAdultAutism Spectrum DisorderChildFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMothersPrevalenceThinkingYoung AdultAutismExperienceFemale autismGenderSex differences

Identifiers

PMID30790191
PMCPMC6546643

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.