ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2019
Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals in Relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early-life exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and autistic traits in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal Exposure to Pesticides and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Offspring: A Meta-analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Pesticides: A Systematic Review of Human and Preclinical Models.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- The prenatal sex steroid theory of autism after 25 years.Nature human behaviour · 2026Review
- Prenatal bisphenol A exposure perturbs sex-dependent transcriptomic regionalization of autism-associated genes in the developing brain.Biology direct · 2026Article
- Network toxicology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations for bisphenol A neurotoxicity in depression pathogenesis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Gestational exposures to mixtures of multiple chemical classes and autism spectrum disorder in the MARBLES study.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Association between gestational environmental chemical mixtures and folate exposures with autistic behaviors in a Canadian birth cohort.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Socio-economic status and autism spectrum disorder: A case-control study in Bangladesh.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Environmental Influences on Individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorders with Special Emphasis on Seasonality: An Overview.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Associations of prenatal exposure to a mixture of persistent organic pollutants with social traits and cognitive and adaptive function in early childhood: Findings from the EARLI study.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Prenatal exposure to pesticide residues in the diet in association with child autism-related traits: Results from the EARLI study.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2022Article
- A profile and review of findings from the Early Markers for Autism study: unique contributions from a population-based case-control study in California.Molecular autism · 2021Review
- Bayesian Weighted Sums: A Flexible Approach to Estimate Summed Mixture Effects.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Chemical mixtures and neurobehavior: a review of epidemiologic findings and future directions.Reviews on environmental health · 2020Review
- Prenatal exposure to a mixture of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and child reading skills at school age.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2020Article
- Pre-, Peri-, and Neonatal Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results of a Lebanese Case-control Study.Innovations in clinical neuroscienceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExposure to endocrine disruptors is unavoidable. Many such compounds are suspected to impact neurologic development of children, but most studies conducted have considered effects of individual chemicals in isolation. Because exposures co-occur, it is important to consider their health impacts in a single regression framework.
methodsWe applied Bayesian statistical tools (including shared mean and mixture priors for 25 unique chemicals) to study independent associations of endocrine disruptor biomarkers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 491) and intellectual disability (n = 155), compared with 373 general population controls, in the Early Markers for Autism study. We measured biomarkers in maternal serum collected and stored from midpregnancy and considered them individually or as a class (i.e., summed polychlorinated biphenyls). We adjusted all models for original matching factors (child sex and month and year of birth), maternal age, maternal race/ethnicity, parity, and maternal education at the time samples were collected. We estimated the change in the odds of ASD or intellectual disability per 1 SD increase in the z-score of measured biomarker concentration for each chemical.
resultsOdds of ASD and intellectual disability did not change with increasing concentration for any specific endocrine disruptor. The effect estimates for each chemical were centered on or near an odds ratio of 1.00 in both models where we applied a shared mean or a mixture prior.
conclusionOur mixtures analyses do not suggest an independent relationship with ASD or intellectual disability with any of the 25 chemicals examined together in this mixtures analysis.
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Registered trials
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