ArticleAnesthesiology2019
Adverse Events and Factors Associated with Potentially Avoidable Use of General Anesthesia in Cesarean Deliveries.
Article in Anesthesiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06160583 (General Anesthesia in Obstetric Patients for Cesarean Section, Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes), which is not on this map. Cited by 62 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
General Anesthesia in Obstetric Patients for Cesarean Section, Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Narcotrend-Assisted Anesthesia In-Depth Monitor on Cognitive Impairment of Elderly Patients under General Anesthesia.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Trial
- Preanesthetic withdrawal improves the conversion efficacy of prolonged epidural labor analgesia to epidural surgical anesthesia: a prospective cohort study combined with MRI mechanistic exploration.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Clinical practices in general anaesthesia for caesarean section: A nationwide cross-sectional survey.European journal of anaesthesiology and intensive care · 2026Article
- Marginal Inequities in Perioperative Medicine.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2026Article
- Repeat spinal anesthesia for intrapartum cesarean section after epidural labor analgesia: a retrospective cohort study of failure rate and the volume-risk relationship.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Neuraxial anesthesia versus general anesthesia for cesarean delivery: Maternal and neonatal outcomes.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Wounds to Wisdom: Exploring Risk Factors and Outcomes for Surgically Managed Postcesarean Wound Infections.AJP reports · 2026Article
- Review
- The Rising Global Cesarean Section Rates and Their Impact on Maternal and Child Health: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Neuraxial analgesia in pregnant individuals with bleeding disorders: a retrospective descriptive study of obstetric anesthesia practices and outcomes.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
- Association of General Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery with Postpartum Depression and Suicidality.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2025Article
- Comparison of Serum Interleukin 6, Leptin, and Adiponectin Levels after Cesarean Section Under General Versus Spinal Anesthesia.Anesthesiology and pain medicine · 2025Article
- Physiological and Oxidative Stress in General and Spinal Anesthesia for Elective Cesarean Section in Women: Is There Any Difference?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Demographic profile, unplanned status and intraoperative situations increase surgical site infection in cesarean delivery: conclusions from a prospective study in central India.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- General anesthesia for cesarean delivery: Israeli national survey.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2025Article
- Patients' anesthesia preferences for Cesarean delivery: exploring the role of personality beliefs in spinal vs. General anesthesia.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Observational
- Exploring Variability in Spinal Anesthesia Levels Achieved During Cesarean Section Deliveries: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Anesthetic and obstetric predictors of general anesthesia in urgent or emergent Cesarean delivery: a retrospective case-control study.Journal of anesthesia · 2025Article
- Neighborhood disadvantage and general anesthesia utilization in cesarean delivery: a retrospective analysis.AJOG global reports · 2024Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCompared with neuraxial anesthesia, general anesthesia for cesarean delivery is associated with increased risk of maternal adverse events. Reducing avoidable general anesthetics for cesarean delivery may improve safety of obstetric anesthesia care. This study examined adverse events, trends, and factors associated with potentially avoidable general anesthetics for cesarean delivery.
methodsThis retrospective study analyzed cesarean delivery cases without a recorded indication for general anesthesia or contraindication to neuraxial anesthesia in New York State hospitals, 2003 to 2014. Adverse events included anesthesia complications (systemic, neuraxial-related, and drug-related), surgical site infection, venous thromboembolism, and the composite of death or cardiac arrest. Anesthesia complications were defined as severe if associated with death, organ failure, or prolonged hospital stay.
resultsDuring the study period, 466,014 cesarean deliveries without a recorded indication for general anesthesia or contraindication to neuraxial anesthesia were analyzed; 26,431 were completed with general anesthesia (5.7%). The proportion of avoidable general anesthetics decreased from 5.6% in 2003 to 2004 to 4.8% in 2013 to 2014 (14% reduction; P < 0.001). Avoidable general anesthetics were associated with significantly increased risk of anesthesia complications (adjusted odds ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 1.9), severe complications (adjusted odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 5.2), surgical site infection (adjusted odds ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.5 to 2.1), and venous thromboembolism (adjusted odds ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.0), but not of death or cardiac arrest. Labor neuraxial analgesia rate was one of the most actionable hospital-level factors associated with avoidable general anesthetics. Relative to hospitals with a rate greater than or equal to 75%, the adjusted odds ratio of avoidable general anesthetics increased to 1.3 (95% CI, 1.2 to 1.4), 1.6 (95% CI, 1.5 to 1.7), and 3.2 (95% CI, 3.0 to 3.5) as the rate decreased to 50 to 74.9%, 25 to 49.9%, and less than 25%, respectively.
conclusionsCompared with neuraxial anesthesia, avoidable general anesthetics are associated with increased risk of adverse maternal outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.