ArticleAnnals of translational medicine2019
Balance diagnostics after propensity score matching.
Article in Annals of translational medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 483 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
483 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The role of optical coherence tomography in the evaluation of para-chiasmal lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Dermatologic outcomes associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a large-scale target trial emulation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Trial
- Darolutamide plus androgen-deprivation therapy: propensity score matching of ARASEC and historic clinical trial patients.Future oncology (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Stroke recognition and early care pathways following telephone triage in out-of-hours primary care: a register-based study from the Central Denmark Region.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Article
- Combined statin and fenofibrate therapy and cardiorenal outcomes in patients with CKD, dyslipidemia, and ischemic heart disease.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- A Doubly Robust Approach to Evaluating the Impact of Hospital Length of Stay on Post-Fracture Recovery in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- Real-world treatment patterns and cost per patient achieving treatment targets among tirzepatide and semaglutide initiators in US patients with type 2 diabetes.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- Who chooses to engage? Understanding the characteristics of physicians who voluntarily engage with an audit and feedback intervention: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ quality & safety · 2026Article
- TAPESTRY study: impact of prior transurethral resection of the prostate on outcomes after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a propensity score-matched cohort study.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- Association between spinal manipulative therapy and cervical artery dissection in patients with neck pain or headache: a retrospective cohort study.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2026Article
- Value of preoperative peripheral blood inflammation markers in predicting prognosis after radical gastric cancer surgery.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association Between Platelet Transfusion and ICU Mortality Within 28 Days Among Patients With Intracranial Hemorrhage Complicated by Thrombocytopenia: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Acute lack of sunlight exposure is associated with poorer cognitive test performance: evidence from two national cohorts in the United Kingdom.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2026Article
- Importance of clinical profiling to determine excess mortality in prolactinomas: insights from a large, registry-based cohort.Pituitary · 2026Article
- Moving from specialist-led to generalist-led hospital care: propensity-matched analyses of clinical outcomes and survey of patient care experiences.Singapore medical journal · 2026Article
- Impact of early albumin therapy on 28-day survival in ICU patients with septic shock concurrent hypoalbuminemia: a retrospective analysis of combined clinical datasets.World journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond Single-Score Matching: A Two-Dimensional Propensity Score Method for Mixed Covariate Types.Research square · 2026Article
- Interpreting relative risks and odds ratios after propensity score matching: practical guidance for clinical research.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Romosozumab Versus Teriparatide for Fracture Prevention, Cardiovascular Events, and Mortality in Osteoporosis: A Propensity Score-Matched Real-World Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prediagnostic Urinary Tract-Related Manifestations and Recurrence Risk in Colorectal Cancer with Bladder Involvement.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
423 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Propensity score matching (PSM) is a popular method in clinical researches to create a balanced covariate distribution between treated and untreated groups. However, the balance diagnostics are often not appropriately conducted and reported in the literature and therefore the validity of the findings from the PSM analysis is not warranted. The special article aims to outline the methods used for assessing balance in covariates after PSM. Standardized mean difference (SMD) is the most commonly used statistic to examine the balance of covariate distribution between treatment groups. Because SMD is independent of the unit of measurement, it allows comparison between variables with different unit of measurement. SMD can be reported with plot. Variance is the second central moment and should also be compared in the matched sample. Finally, a correct specification of the propensity score model (e.g., linearity and additivity) should be re-assessed if there is evidence of imbalance between treated and untreated. R code for the implementation of balance diagnostics is provided and explained.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.