ReviewIntegrated pharmacy research & practice2019
Cardiovascular disease as a leading cause of death: how are pharmacists getting involved?
Review in Integrated pharmacy research & practice, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 189 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Continuous Glycemia Monitoring in Perioperative Period in Patients Undergoing Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty: a Protocol of Observational Study
Cardiovascular Health in People With Cystic Fibrosis
Who cites it
189 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between PM10 exposure and risk of myocardial infarction in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of the role of community pharmacists in the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases: the perceptions of patients.Systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- The prevalence of depression in patients living with implantable cardioverter defibrillator: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Irish journal of medical science · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of Caloric Restriction and Exercise on Trimethylamine N-Oxide Metabolism in Women with Obesity.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Gut bacteriophage dynamics during fecal microbial transplantation in subjects with metabolic syndrome.Gut microbesTrial
- Late IMedicinal research reviews · 2026Review
- Rapid functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes in polar solvents.Science advances · 2026Article
- Beta-Caryophyllene Attenuates the In Vitro Oxidation of LDL.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Lycopene: Mechanisms, Biological Activities, and Health Benefits.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Electroactive Biomaterials for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering: Mechanisms, Design Strategies, and Therapeutic Applications.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Immune Roles of Canonically Non-Immune Cells in Biomaterials Response.Cell biomaterials · 2026Article
- Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors Before and After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Multicentre Prospective Study in Cyprus.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Designing and implementing a prediabetes screening in community pharmacies and online prevention program: findings from the PREDICT study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Disease Knowledge Amongst Jordanian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Assessing the interaction of the UCP system and fatty acids on epicardial adipose tissue mitochondrial respiration.European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Global Burden and Trends of Ischemic Heart Disease in Women Aged 55 years and Older, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Macrophage Trem2 deficiency aggravates aging-induced vascular remodeling by acting as a non-classical receptor of interleukin-13.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Article
- Omics approaches to understand cardiovascular disease.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Epicardial Adipocytes in Cardiac Pathology and Healing.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2025Review
129 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death globally. This article explores the evidence surrounding community pharmacist interventions to reduce cardiovascular events and related mortality and to improve the management of CVD risk factors. We summarize a range of systematic reviews and leading randomized controlled trials and provide critical appraisal. Major observations are that very few trials directly measure clinical outcomes, potentially owing to a range of challenges in this regard. By contrast, there is an extensive, high-quality evidence to suggest that improvements can be achieved for key CVD risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, tobacco use, and elevated hemoglobin A1c. The heterogeneity of interventions tested and considerable variation of the context under which implementation occurred suggest that caution is warranted in the interpretation of meta-analyses. It is highly important to generate evidence for pharmacist interventions in developing countries where a majority of the global CVD burden will be experienced in the near future. A growing capacity for clinical registry trials and data linkage might allow future research to collect clinical outcomes data more often.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.