ArticleFrontiers in psychology2019
Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for the Rehabilitation of Children and Adolescents With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neural excitation/inhibition imbalance and neurodevelopmental pathology in human copy number variant syndromes: a systematic review.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in children and young people with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of deep brain stimulation on refractory aggression in pediatric patients with autism and severe intellectual disability: meta-analytic review.BMC pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Phototherapy of Alzheimer's Disease: Photostimulation of Brain Lymphatics during Sleep: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation in major neurodevelopmental disorders: ADHD, autism, and dyslexia.Brain and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in ADHD: A Systematic Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Protocol-induced Electrical Field Modeling Results.Neuroscience bulletin · 2020Pooled it
- Enhancing mathematical skills in children with dyscalculia: the effects of transcranial photobiomodulation.Lasers in medical science · 2025Trial
- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the Left Dorsal Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).Neural plasticity · 2021Trial
- Electrotherapy in Pediatric Rehabilitation: A Structured Narrative Review of Clinical Applications, Treatment Parameters, Safety, and Evidence Gaps.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Fostering inclusion in clinical and research procedures in autistic youth through augmentative and alternative communication: a narrative review and a proposal for visual aids application in brain stimulation.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Neuronal network analysis during short time transcranial direct current stimulation with permanent EEG measurement in early childhood: a feasibility study.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Non-invasive brain stimulation reorganises effective connectivity during a working memory task in individuals with Neurofibromatosis Type 1.Neuroimage. Reports · 2025Article
- Feasibility and usability of remote transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for self-regulation in children with autism: protocol for a randomized controlled pilot study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2025Article
- Article
- New Perspectives on Non-Invasive Cerebellar Stimulation for Social and Affective Functions in Children and Adolescents.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2025Review
- Understanding and targeting repetitive behaviors and restricted interests in autism spectrum disorder via high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation: a study-protocol.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Research progress of tDCS in the treatment of ADHD.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Transcranial Brain Stimulation for Neurodevelopmental Disorders : Neuromodulation and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Galen medical journal · 2025Review
- Transcranial photobiomodulation in children aged 2-6 years: a randomized sham-controlled clinical trial assessing safety, efficacy, and impact on autism spectrum disorder symptoms and brain electrophysiology.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Social circuits and their dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the last years, there has been a growing interest in the application of different non-invasive brain stimulation techniques to induce neuroplasticity and to modulate cognition and behavior in adults. Very recently, different attempts have been made to induce functional plastic changes also in pediatric populations. Importantly, not only sensorimotor processing, but also higher-level functions have been addressed, with the aim to boost rehabilitation in different neurodevelopmental disorders. However, efficacy and safety of using these techniques in pediatric population is still debated. The current article aims to review the non-invasive brain stimulation studies conducted in pediatric populations using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation or transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Specifically, the available proofs concerning the efficacy and safety of these techniques on Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Dyslexia, Tourette syndrome, and tic disorders are systematically reviewed and discussed. The article also aims to provide an overview about other possible applications of these and other stimulation techniques for rehabilitative purposes in children and adolescents.
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Registered trials
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